不同年份安徽省60~69岁老年人体质特征对比分析  

Comparative analysis of physical fitness of 60-69 years old people in Anhui Province in different years

作　　者：陈瑶[1,2] 陈炜 孙朋[1,2] 陈沁怡 马瑞[1,2] 刘文娟 叶冬青 范引光 CHEN Yao;CHEN Wei;SUN Peng;CHEN Qinyi;MA Rui;LIU Wenjuan;YE Dongqing;FAN Yinguang(Scientific Research Center,Anhui Provincial Sports Science and Technology Research Institute,Hefei 230001,China;Key Laboratory of Sports Training Monitoring and Evaluation,the China General Administration of Sport,Hefei 230091,China;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China;Inflamation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province,Hefei 230032,China;School of Public Health,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan 232000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省体育科学技术研究所科研中心,合肥230001 [2]运动训练监控与评定国家体育总局重点实验室,合肥230001 [3]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,合肥230032 [4]炎症免疫性疾病安徽省实验室,合肥230032 [5]安徽理工大学公共卫生学院,淮南232000

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2024年第9期1015-1022,共8页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3600302);安徽省体育科学技术研究所研究项目(K2023114)。

摘　　要：目的通过对比分析2014年和2020年安徽省60~69岁老年人体质特征的差异,为安徽省老年人体质干预提供基础数据和理论依据。方法采用多阶段抽样方法于2014年和2020年分别从安徽省16个地级市抽取6168和5462名60~69岁老年人,结合国民体质监测,在社区卫生服务中心对研究对象进行问卷调查和体质测试,采用多元线性回归分析控制混杂因素后,比较两个年份间指标变化。结果安徽省60~69岁老年人身体形态、身体机能和身体素质指标在性别、年龄、地区分布、城乡间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,相对于2014年,2020年安徽省老年人的握力(β=-0.677,95%CI:-0.946~-0.411)有所下降,身高(β=1.278,95%CI:1.053~1.504)、体重(β=2.012,95%CI:1.697~2.354)、BMI(β=0.416,95%CI:0.295~0.538)、腰围(β=2.529,95%CI:2.172~2.885)、臀围(β=1.147,95%CI:0.856~1.438)、腰臀比(β=0.016,95%CI:0.014~0.019)、体脂率(β=0.423,95%CI:0.301~0.545)、闭眼单脚站立时长(β=0.157,95%CI:0.147~0.168)和选择反应时(β=0.031,95%CI:0.020~0.042)等在2020年均增加(均P<0.001)。结论安徽省60~69岁老年人肥胖问题和神经冲动的传导速度及反应能力下降日趋严重,应开展有针对性的饮食和体育锻炼的指导,以减少老年人肥胖,提升其综合身体素质。Objective To understand the physical fitness difference of the elderly aged 60-69 years old between 2014 and 2020 in Anhui Province,to provide basic data and theoretical basis for physical fitness control and prevention.Methods A total of 6168 and 5462 elderly adults were selected from 16 cities in Anhui Province in 2014 and 2020 by multi-stage sampling method,respectively.A questionnaire survey and physical examination were conducted in community health service centers according to the national physical fitness monitoring.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to compared the change between 2014 and 2020 after controling confounding factors.Results The physical form,physical function and physical fitness indices of the elderly people aged 60-69 years old in Anhui province were different in various group including gender,age group,regional distribution and urban-rural area(all P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression showed that,compared to 2014,the grip strength of the elderly adults in Anhui Province decreased(β=-0.677,95%CI:-0.946--0.411),while height(β=1.278,95%CI:1.053-1.504),weight(β=2.012,95%CI:1.697-2.354),BMI(β=0.416,95%CI:0.295-0.538),waist circumference(β=2.529,95%CI:2.172-2.885),hip circumference(β=1.147,95%CI:0.856-1.438),waist-to-hip ratio(β=0.016,95%CI:0.014-0.019),body fat percentage(β=0.423,95%CI:0.301-0.545),duration of one-leg standing with eyes closed(β=0.157,95%CI:0.147-0.168)and choice reaction time(β=0.031,95%CI:0.020-0.042)increased significantly in 2020(all P<0.001).Conclusions The increasing prevalence of obesity,impaired nerve conduction velocity,and diminished reaction capacity among the elderly population in Anhui Province is becoming a serious concern.Targeted diet and physical exercise guidance should be carried out to reduce obesity and improve comprehensive physical fitness of the elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 体质 对比分析 

分 类 号：R181[医药卫生—流行病学]