小农户与现代农业相衔接的集体农场经营模式及利弊分析  

Analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the collective farm management model that connects small farmers with modern agriculture

作　　者：王丽惠 WANG Lihui(School of Law,Institute for Chinese Legal Modernization Studies(ICLMS),Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210024,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院中国法治现代化研究院,江苏南京210024

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第6期63-71,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“‘乡治’体系变迁中的村规民约实施机制与困境应对研究”(19CFX014)。

摘　　要：中国农业现代化建立在小农户家庭生产之上,促进小农户与现代农业相衔接是巩固完善农村基本经营制度的内在要求。集体农场是集体将其管理的责任田按照适度规模经营面积承包给小农户经营,实行统一管理、统一供应农资、统购统销,在产前、产中、产后帮助农户对接市场的经营模式。集体农场强化了集体扶持农户经营的组织保障,弥补了羸弱小农缺资金、缺销售渠道、缺风险保障等问题。“包死基数、超收多留、欠收自补”的管理模式也激了发农户生产积极性,促进农户精耕细作、增产增效。集体农场不是参与经济经营的市场主体,避免亏损风险。集体农场的存在,显示出农村基本经营制度和农业现代化的丰富类型和多元空间。China's agricultural modernization is based on small-scale household production,and promoting the connection be⁃tween small-scale farmers and modern agriculture is an inherent requirement for consolidating and improving the basic rural man⁃agement system.Collective farms are a mode of operation in which the collective manages the contracted plots of land for smallscale farmers according to a moderate scale of operation,implements unified management,unified supply of agricultural materi⁃als,and unified purchase and sale,and helps farmers connect with the market before,during,and after production.Collective farms strengthen the organizational guarantee of collective support for farmers'operations and make up for the problems of small farmers lacking funds,marketing channels,and risk guarantees.The management model of"fixing the base,retaining more of the surplus,and making up for the deficit"also stimulates farmers'production enthusiasm,promotes farmers'intensive cultivation and increases production and efficiency.Collective farms do not participate in market entities of economic management,avoiding the risk of losses.The existence of collective farms demonstrates the rich types and diverse spaces of the rural basic management system and agricultural modernization.

关 键 词：集体农场 农村经营体制 农业现代化 大国小农 

分 类 号：F324.1[经济管理—产业经济]