铜阳极泥微波加热硫酸化焙烧蒸硒的研究  

Sulfated Roasting and Evaporating Selenium by Microwave Heating

作　　者：张勇[1,2] 陈为亮[1,2] 王凯徽[1,2] 李钦 何昶浩 廖春发 曾颜亮 Zhang Yong;Chen Weiliang;Wang Kaihui;Li Qin;He Changhao;Liao Chunfa;Zeng Yanliang(National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy,Kunming 650093,China;Faculty of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;School of Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]真空冶金国家工程研究中心,云南昆明650093 [3]江西理工大学冶金与化学工程学院,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第9期1360-1366,共7页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1802251)资助。

摘　　要：以脱砷锑铜阳极泥为原料,采用微波加热方式,进行硫酸化焙烧蒸硒条件对硒挥发率的影响及蒸硒反应的动力学研究,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDS)分析了样品中主要矿物的存在形式和特征。结果表明,延长焙烧时间、提高焙烧温度和酸矿比均有利于提高硒的挥发率。固定空气流速为200 L·h^(-1),微波功率为500 W,在焙烧温度为823 K,焙烧时间为45 min和酸矿比为0.85的较优条件下,硒的挥发率达到96.83%,蒸硒渣含硒量为0.17%。蒸硒渣中未观察到含硒化合物的特征峰,说明硒挥发得较为彻底,蒸硒渣的元素分布与XRD分析相符合。采用气-固相反应的收缩性未反应核模型,在蒸硒温度为673~823 K和焙烧时间为35~50 min的范围内,根据硒挥发率和阿伦尼乌斯公式计算出铜阳极泥微波加热硫酸化焙烧蒸硒反应的表观活化能为41.830 kJ·mol^(-1),说明蒸硒过程受化学反应控制,其动力学方程式为:1-(1-x)^(1/3)=3.319×exp(-41.830/RT)×t,其中x为硒挥发率,t为焙烧时间,R为气体常数,T为温度。Copper anode slime contains many valuable metals such as silver,copper,selenium,tellurium,lead and gold,which is an important raw material for the production of gold,silver,selenium,tellurium and other precious metals and scattered metals.Due to the technology of microwave heating had many advantages,such as selective heating,fast heating speed,high heating efficiency,good heating uniformity and so on,hence copper anode slime of removing arsenic and antimony as raw material was studied the effects of steaming selenium conditions on selenium volatilization rate under different microwave heating conditions of roasting time,roasting temperature and ratio of acid to ore,and the optimum process conditions were also determined.The content of selenium in steamed selenium residue was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP-AES).The existing forms and characteristics of main minerals in the sample were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer(XRD),scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer(SEMEDS).The kinetics of sulfation roasting of copper anode slime heated by microwave was studied by the shrinking unreacted core model of gas-solid phase reaction at 673~823 K.The total experimental results showed that the conditions of increasing the roasting temperature,prolonging the roasting time and increasing the acid-ore ratio of acid to ore were beneficial to increase the volatilization rate of selenium,because the increase of above conditions could promote the positive reaction of selenium evaporation reaction.The temperature conditions’results showed that the rate of selenium volatilization increased with the increase of temperature,whereas tended to rise slowly at 823 K,with the greatest rate of selenium volatilization was 94.49%.The time factors’results showed that sulfuric acid was sufficient at the early stage of steaming selenium,which promoted the reaction of steaming selenium.However,when the time of the selenium steaming reached 45 min,the volatilization rate of selenium

关 键 词：铜阳极泥 微波加热 硫酸化焙烧 蒸硒 动力学 

分 类 号：TF811.03[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]