殷墟甲骨历无类卜辞新见“母辛”称谓研究  

A Study of A Newly Discovered Title“母辛”in Liwu Group on YinxuOracleBones

作　　者：刘风华 LIU Fenghua

机构地区：[1]国家语委科研机构汉字文明传承传播与教育研究中心,河南商郑州450001 [2]古文字与中华文明传承发展工程协同攻关创新平台郑州大学汉字文明研究中心,河南郑州450001

出　　处：《中原文物》2024年第5期84-91,共8页Cultural Relics of Central China

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“甲骨学大辞典”(18ZDA303);国家社科基金一般项目“殷墟卜辞词汇的分组类对比与甲骨分期断代校正研究”(22BYY102);河南省社科规划年度项目“殷墟甲骨历组与无名组卜辞字、词、句对比研究”(2021BLS022);郑州大学2024年度“课程思政”教育教学改革示范课程项目“文字学”(2024ZZUKCSZ056)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：历无类卜辞是历组向无名组过渡的桥梁,是林沄先生揭示出的一个无名组小类。该类的主要成为向来仅见“父丁”“母壬”“兄己”“兄庚”“毓祖乙”,《善》6近期在国家图书馆展出,其上的“母辛”称谓首次面世,该版“父丁”“母辛”“毓祖乙”同版,绝无仅有,使得历无类时代进一步明晰。殷墟甲骨共见“母辛”称谓71版,主要是商王祖庚、祖甲称其母妇好。其中《甲骨文合集》32754,从字形上看,近似无一类,有可能说明这一版的刻手跨时两王两代;《摭续》77为右前甲之倒置,加之从字形、文例、行款等方面看,有违常则,应是伪刻,不能作为研究分期断代的依据。The Liwu Group serves as a bridge between the Li Group and the nameless Group.It is a subclass of the nameless Group first identified by Mr.Lin Yun.Traditionally,this category has only included the titles"父丁"(Father Ding),"母壬"(Mother Ren),"兄已"(Elder Brother Ji),"兄庚"(Elder Brother Geng),and"毓祖乙"(Yu Zu Yi).Recently,during the exhibition of the oracle bone Shan 6 at the National Library,the author discovered a new title,"母辛"(Mother Xin),on it.Uniquely,this bone bears three titles:"父丁,""母辛,"and"毓祖乙"which significantly clarifies the chronological placement of this group.Currently,there are 71 oracle bones inscribed with the title"母辛,"mostly addressed by her sons,King祖庚(Zu Geng)and King祖甲(Zu Jia).Among these bones,Oracle Bone Inscriptions 32754 exhibits character styles similar to the Wuyi Group,suggesting the scribe may have lived across two dynasties.Based on its unique attributes,character style,and grammatical patterns,we assess that Zhixu 77 is likely a forgery and should not be considered reliable research material.

关 键 词：历无类卜辞 母辛 甲骨辨伪 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]