海峡两岸民族共同语句式发展的融合——以“较”字差比句为例  

The Convergence of Sentence Patterns of Common National Language Across the Taiwan(台湾)Strait——A Case Study of Sentences Containing Jiao(较)

作　　者：梁永红 刘吉力 LIANG Yong-hong;LIU Ji-li(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Taiyuan Normal University,Jinzhong Shanxi 030619,China;School of Chinese Language and Literature,Changsha Normal University,Changsha Hunan 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]太原师范学院文学院,山西晋中030619 [2]长沙师范学院文学院,长沙410100

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第4期21-28,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“台湾地区‘国语’若干语法项目历时演变研究”(18YJC740050)。

摘　　要：“较”字句是海峡两岸民族共同语的共有句式,从共时角度看其基本结构类型和特征大体相同,主要有“X较Y+为+A”“X较Y+(状语)A(补语)”和“X较Y+(状语)V(补语/宾语)”三种形式,具有文言或书面语色彩浓厚的特征;但是从历时角度看,这种句式在两种不同语境中由差异大于共性逐渐发展为共性大于差异:使用数量上,由台湾地区汉语较多发展为基本持平再到普通话略多;内部结构上,台湾地区汉语中的主要形式“X较Y+为+A”逐渐减少,而普通话的优势形式“X较Y+V+数量补语”也成为台湾地区汉语中的主要形式。海峡两岸民族共同语句式之间的融合是语言接触的结果,但又不同于一般的一方向另一方靠拢的接触,更多表现为互相靠拢,双向互动:句式之间互通有无,句式内部趋同发展。交流互动和语用需求是促使两岸民族共同语句式融合的关键因素。The sentence containing jiao(较)is a common sentence pattern of common National language across the Taiwan(台湾)Strait.From the synchronic point of view,its basic structural types and characteristics are roughly the same,mainly including three forms:X+jiao(较)+Y+wei(为)+A,X+jiao(较)+Y+(adverbial)A(complement)and X+jiao(较)+Y+(adverbial)V+(complement/object),which have the characteristics of strong written language color,concise form and so on;but from the diachronic point of view,this kind of sentence has the characteristics of strong color and concise form In the two different contexts,tense has gradually developed from difference greater than commonness to commonness greater than difference:in terms of quantity,it has developed from more Mandarin to basically flat,and then to Putonghua(普通话)slightly more;in terms of internal structure,the main form X+jiao(较)+Y+wei(为)+A in Mandarin has gradually decreased,and the dominant form X+jiao(较)+Y+V+quantitative complement in Putonghua has also become the main type in Mandarin.The convergence of the common sentence patterns of ethnic groups across the Taiwan(台湾)Strait is the result of language contact,but it is different from the general contact between one side and the other side.It is more manifested as mutual close and two-way interaction:there is mutual exchange between sentence patterns,and there is convergence and development within sentence patterns.Communication interaction and pragmatic needs are the key factors to promote the convergence of cross-strait national common sentence.

关 键 词：海峡两岸 民族共同语 句式融合 “较”字句 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]