开封方言中的[■]韵母——兼谈曾梗摄入声字在中原官话中的演变  

The Vowel[■]in Kaifeng(开封)Dialect——Also on the Evolution of the Entering Tone of Zengshe(曾摄)and Gengshe(梗摄)in Zhongyuan(中原)Mandarin

作　　者：赵文文 ZHAO Wen-wen(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210023,China;School of Humanities and Law,Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics,Zhengzhou Henan 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,南京210023 [2]郑州航空工业管理学院文法学院,郑州450046

出　　处：《语言研究》2024年第4期54-63,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“明清民国珍稀时音韵书韵图整理集成与研究”(19ZDA308)。

摘　　要：开封方言中来自假摄和咸山摄入声的[■]韵母字,是20世纪后的变化,变化原因是[γ]韵母在与卷舌声母相拼时滋生了一个舌尖过渡音■,使其后的元音[γ]舌位前移,变为前元音[■]。中原官话中存在着■这样一条演变链,不过由于普通话的影响,这一演变趋势可能会就此中断。开封方言中来自曾梗摄入声的[■]韵母字由入声韵直接演变而来,而不是先舒化为-i韵尾,后来-i韵尾脱落才形成的[■]韵母。曾梗摄入声字在中原官话中的舒化不是同步发展的,“贼”“核”二字是最早舒化的,表现出-i韵尾和零韵尾两种舒化方式,开封方言中后来舒化的字选择了零韵尾的方式。The vowel[■]from Jiashe(假摄)and the entering tone of Xianshe(咸摄)and Shanshe(山摄)in Kaifeng(开封)dialect is due to the change after the 20th century.The reason is when the back vowel[γ]was combined with the retroflex initials,there was an apical vowel[■]before the back vowel[γ]and it caused the vowel[γ]to move forward and became a front vowel[■].There is such an evolution chain in Zhongyuan(中原)Mandarin:■,but this evolutionary trend may be interrupted due to the influence of Putonghua(普通话).The vowel[■]in Kaifeng(开封)dialect from the entering tone of Zengshe(曾摄)and Gengshe(梗摄)was directly changed from the entering tone,instead of the entering tone changing to the compound vowel-i first,then to the single vowel[■].The disappearance of the glottal stop of Zengshe(曾摄)and Gengshe(梗摄)in Zhongyuan(中原)Mandarin was not synchronized.The two characters Zei(贼)and Xe(核)changed the earliest,showing two ways:becoming the compound vowel-i or the single vowel[■].Later characters in the Kaifeng dialect chose the way becoming single vowel[■].

关 键 词：开封方言 [■]韵母 入声韵 中原官话 

分 类 号：H172[语言文字—汉语]