中国伴生稀土元素资源类型及资源潜力  

By-product rare earth elements deposits in China and their resource potential

作　　者：谢玉玲[1] 秦绪岩 代作文 耿子岩 XIE Yuling;QIN Xuyan;DAI Zuowen;GENG Ziyan(University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学,北京100083

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2024年第5期723-746,共24页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2901703)。

摘　　要：中国的稀土元素(REE)资源丰富,矿床类型多样,其中轻稀土元素(LREE)绝大多数来自于碱性岩-碳酸岩有关的REE矿床,而重稀土(HREE)主要来自离子吸附型(或称风化壳型)REE矿床,其他稀土矿床类型还包括REE砂矿和伴生的REE矿床等。目前,中国的REE资源开发主要是针对碳酸岩-碱性岩型LREE矿床和离子吸附型HREE矿床,REE砂矿和其他矿床中伴生的REE资源尚未得到有效利用。文章在综合已有研究成果的基础上,对中国伴生的REE矿床的类型、资源潜力进行评述。结果表明,中国伴生的REE资源类型包括海相沉积磷矿床、煤矿床、铝土矿床、岩浆型磷-铁磷矿床等,其潜在的REE资源巨大,特别是海相沉积磷矿床和铝土矿床中伴生的REE资源。铝土矿床中伴生的REE以LREE为主,且其中的Sc具有重要的资源意义。沉积磷矿床中伴生的HREE(含Y)占比高,特别是产于四川德阳地区的什邡式磷矿上部层位的富硫磷铝锶型矿石,其中的REE含量明显高于磷块岩型矿石,且中、重REE占50%以上,还伴生有多种关键金属,具有重要的资源意义和经济价值。另外,岩浆型(铁)磷矿床、煤矿床、油页岩矿床、金矿床中伴生的REE资源也值得重视。但由于缺少详细的勘查数据,目前对中国伴生的REE资源家底不清,资源综合利用水平及REE回收和提取技术也有待提高。而加强中国伴生REE资源的评价和综合利用水平,充分利用生产矿山中伴生的REE资源,特别是磷矿床和铝土矿床,不仅可以有效缓解中国HREE资源供应压力,还是贯彻中国节约资源和保护环境基本国策的重要举措。[Objective]China is the largest producer of rare earth element(REE)and hosts the largest amount of REE resources.Various types of REE deposits have been reported in China,with alkaline-carbonatite related light REE deposits and ion-adsorption heavy REE deposits being the most important ones.Other REE deposit types include REE placers and deposits with REE by-products.Currently,the development of rare earth resources in China is primarily focused carbonatite-alkaline related light REE deposits and ion-adsorption type heavy REE deposits.REE in placer deposits and other REE by-products have not been effectively utilized.[Methods]Based on existing exploration studies and whole-rock REE geochemistry data analysis,this study provides a brief review of the types and resource potential of deposits with REE by-products in China.[Results]China's by-products REE resource types include marine sedimentary phosphate,coal,bauxite,and magmatic iron-phosphate deposits.These deposits,particularly marine sedimentary phosphate deposits and bauxite,contain enormous potential REE resources.REEs in bauxite are primarily light REE,with some containing high amount of scandium(Sc).In sedimentary phosphate deposits,the proportion of heavy REEs(including yttrium)is high,particularly in the S−P−Al−Sr rich ores that occur as the layers overlying the phosphorite in the Shifang-type phosphate deposits of Sichuan Province.These S−P−Al−Sr rich ores have significantly higher REE content than phosphorite,with medium and heavy REE accounting for over 50%,along with various critical metals,making these ores highly valuable in terms of both resource and economic significance.Furthermore,REE resources in magmatic(iron)phosphate deposits,coal,oil shale,and gold deposits deserve attention.[Conclusions]Owing to the lack of detailed exploration data,the full extent of China's by-products REE resources remains unclear.The comprehensive utilization of resources,as well as the technology for REE recovery and extraction,requires improvement.[Signif

关 键 词：伴生型REE矿床 资源潜力 综合利用 沉积磷矿床 铝土矿床 

分 类 号：P619.213[天文地球—矿床学]