苏州—无锡—常州地区地面沉降及地裂缝防控研究  

Prevention and control of land subsidence and earth fissures in Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region

作　　者：朱锦旗[1,2] 龚绪龙 于军[1,2] 张云 张岩[1,2] 叶淑君 王彩会[1,2] 许书刚[1,2] 武健强 王光亚[1,2] 刘明遥[1,2] 顾春生 闵望[1,2] 龚亚兵 ZHU Jinqi;GONG Xulong;YU Jun;ZHANG Yun;ZHANG Yan;YE Shujun;WANG Caihui;XU Shugang;WU Jianqiang;WANG Guangya;LIU Mingyao;GU Chunsheng;MIN Wang;GONG Yabing(Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210018,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster,Ministry of Land and resources,Nanjing 210018,Jiangsu,China;School of Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210046,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省地质调查研究院,江苏南京210018 [2]自然资源部地裂缝地质灾害重点实验室,江苏南京210018 [3]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210046

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2024年第5期811-833,共23页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42230710)。

摘　　要：苏州—无锡—常州(苏锡常)地区曾是中国地面沉降灾害最严重的地区之一,从20世纪70年代开始发生地面沉降,随之因差异沉降诱发地裂缝灾害,21世纪以来沉降速率逐年趋缓,部分地区出现区域性的地面回弹,独特的地面沉降发展历程为全面解读地面沉降提供了理想的窗口。为揭示苏锡常地区地面沉降生命周期过程及其驱动机制,利用长时间序列、大区域尺度的三维渗流、应力、应变多场监测数据以及物理试验模型、数值模拟等技术对区域地面沉降与地裂缝宏观演变规律、成因机理进行综合分析。研究结果显示:苏锡常地区地面沉降经历了发生、快速发展、趋缓、滞后和反弹5个阶段;地面沉降与地下水开采密切相关,其地层变形主要来自于地下水开采导致的含水层和弱透水层的压密释水,主采含水砂层及相邻隔水层为沉降主要贡献层,并识别了地层压缩、回弹的时空演变特征及其对地面沉降的贡献;地裂缝是地面沉降发展到一定阶段后所产生的次生地质灾害,其空间展布及成灾时间与地下水水位、地面沉降、基岩起伏变化以及土层结构差异等因素密切相关,提出了驱动地裂缝演化的压—拉—剪—弹物理过程,识别出了地裂缝发生的触发机制和临界条件。同时建立了以地质钻孔全断面光纤监测为特色、多种技术方法融合的“天-空-地”立体化、地下水-地面沉降-地裂缝协同的监测体系,为地面沉降防控提供科学、详细的数据支撑;并创新区域-场地双尺度有限元耦合界面元法,成功实现了三维复杂地质环境条件下地层形变特征及地裂缝生成和扩展的力学机制模拟,为地面沉降、地裂缝易发区精准圈定与防控提供了解决路径;通过总结基于技术创新支撑政府实施的地下水限采、禁采等地面沉降防控实践及其成效,为中国其他省/市地面沉降防控与地下水资源管理�[Objective]The Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region is one of the most severely affected areas by land subsidence,both in China and globally.In the early 1970s,land subsidence occurred and resulted in the formation of ground fissures caused by differential subsidence,thus resulting in significant economic losses.In this century,the rate of ground subsidence has decreased,with some areas experiencing regional ground resilience.The unique developmental history of ground subsidence allows one to comprehensively interpret its evolutionary process and causal mechanisms.This study aims to unravel the life cycle and driving forces of land subsidence in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region.[Methods]To achieve this,a multifaceted approach was employed,including long-term and large-scale monitoring of three-dimensional seepage,stress,and strain,complemented by physical experimental models and numerical simulations.An analysis was conducted to synthesize the macro-evolutionary patterns and causal mechanisms of land subsidence and the formation of ground fissures.[Results and Conclusion]The findings indicate that land subsidence in the Suzhou–Wuxi–Changzhou region exhibits distinct characteristics that evolve through five discernible stages:initiation,rapid development,deceleration,stagnation,and rebound.The development of land subsidence is intricately connected to groundwater extraction,with stratum deformation arising predominantly from the compaction and dewatering of aquifers and aquitards due to pumping.During the subsidence phase,primary aquifer sand and contiguous aquitards are identified as the primary contributors to subsidence.By dissecting the causal mechanisms of land subsidence and ground fissures,this study delineates the spatiotemporal evolution of the structural compression and rebound of strata under varying conditions of deep groundwater exploitation,restriction,and prohibition,along with their respective contributions to subsidence.Ground fissures,which act as a secondary geological hazard at certain stag

关 键 词：苏锡常地区 地面沉降 地裂缝 机理 模拟 防控 

分 类 号：P641[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] P642[天文地球—地质学]