喀斯特地貌地区GNSS高精度静态测量方案  

High-precision static GNSS surveying scheme in karst topography areas

作　　者：刘思航[1] 张子凡 LIU Sihang;ZHANG Zifan(Changjiang Waterway Bureau Survey Center,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江航道测量中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《水运工程》2024年第9期233-237,244,共6页Port & Waterway Engineering

摘　　要：喀斯特地貌地区控制点的高精度测量对区域地形调绘和水文测验均有重要意义。在喀斯特地貌地区传统测量困难,CORS站点稀疏,静态测量多路径效应严重,单点GNSS静态测量无法满足精度要求。为此,针对布设的237个GNSS E级控制点,设计出相应的GNSS静态测量方案以提高测量精度。该方案在测区中间添加1个全天候观测的固定基准站,测量时再添加1个移动基准站,与其它N个流动站进行同步测量,然后结合6个连续运行的CORS站点进行解算。最终静态测量的结果符合测量标准要求,其中控制检核点X坐标平均中误差为0.007 m,Y坐标平均中误差为0.018 m。测量的大地高结合广西似大地水准面精化模型进行精化后,控制点高程测量结果与测出的水准高程进行对比,较差中误差为0.024 m,且所有点较差都低于限差。“1+1+N”静态测量模式显著提高了喀斯特地貌地区测量精度,通过似大地水准面精化模型精化后的结果符合四等水准测量高程的要求。The high-precision measurement of control points in karst topography areas holds significant value for regional topographic mapping and hydrological testing.Traditional surveying in karst regions is challenging due to sparse CORS stations and severe multipath effects in static surveys,rendering single-point GNSS static measurements inadequate for achieving the required accuracy.For the established 237 GNSS E-level control points,a specific GNSS static survey scheme is devised to enhance the precision of static measurements.The main approach involves adding one all-weather fixed base station in the center of the survey area,followed by the inclusion of one mobile base station during the survey to assist other N roaming stations.The computation process incorporates data from six continuously operating CORS stations.The final static survey results meet the required standards,with the average mean error in X coordinate of the control check points being 0.007 m,and in Y coordinate being 0.018 m.The geodetic heights measured are refined using the Guangxi quasi-geoid model,and when compared to the leveled heights,the differential mean error is 0.024 m,with all points falling below the allowable error limit.The“1+1+N”static survey mode significantly enhanced the measurement accuracy in karst topography areas,and the results refined with the quasi-geoid model meet the requirements for fourth-class level survey heights.

关 键 词：GNSS静态测量 “1+1+N”模式 似大地水准面精化 

分 类 号：U612[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] P208[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]