从老官山出土金伤死候简看伤科及法医学、针灸学对人体要害部位的认识  

Recognition on the vital parts of the human body in traumatology, forensic medicine and acupuncture from Laoguanshan unearthed bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms

作　　者：黄龙祥[1] HUANG Longxiang(Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院针灸研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中国针灸》2024年第10期1203-1213,共11页Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion

摘　　要：老官山出土的11枚金伤死候简背后,反映的是古代医家对人体要害部位的认识。通过对出土金伤死候简与传世金伤文献的纵向研究,老官山医简释文和解读存留的疑点得以澄清,而在传世金伤文献源流梳理这一之前无法深入的路径上,也找到了可靠的路标;再通过对金伤与法医、针灸学的横向比较发现,除因不同学科术语的差异,以及同一学科内部由后人对前代文献的误读所造成的古今文献差异外,金伤、法医、针灸学等不同学科,在千百年时间内,通过不同途径获得的人体要害部位的认识有很高的契合度。因此,不仅老官山金伤死候简所反映的伤科对人体要害部位的认识得到了多重证据的支撑,而且针灸学、法医检验等相关学科理论的可靠性也得到有力的确证,为应用“二重证据法”进行出土与传世文献研究解决重大学术问题,提供一个非常典型的案例,更为中医学术研究,特别是不同学科之间的有效沟通,探索了一条新路径。Eleven bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms, unearthed in Laoguanshan, reflect the understanding of the vital parts of human body by ancient medical masters. Through the longitudinal research of Laoguanshan unearthed bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms, and the handed-down literature on this aspect, the doubts remained have been clarified on the annotation and the interpretation of Laoguanshan medical bamboo slips;and the reliable road signs been discovered on the path for collating the sources of handed-down literature on metal-weapon injury,and this path had been failed to deepening. Through the horizontal comparison of metal-weapon injury with forensic medicine and acupuncture, it is found that the understanding of the vital parts of the human body, obtained through various ways in thousands of years, is highly agreed with among metal-weapon injury, forensic medicine and acupuncture, except for the differences in the terminology among different disciplines, and the discrepancy in ancient and modern literature because of the misunderstandings of the previous literature by later generations within the same discipline. Therefore, the multi-dimensional evidences have been obtained to support the recognition of the vital parts of the human body in traumatology, reflected in the Laoguanshan bamboo slips of metal-weapon-injury induced lethal symptoms. Additionally,the reliability of the relevant discipline theories, e.g. acupuncture and forensic examination, has been strongly confirmed. It provides a very typical case for solving major academic problems by applying the "dual-attestation method" to research unearthed and handed-down literature. Moreover, it explores a novel approach to the academic study of traditional Chinese medicine, especially to the effective communication among different disciplines.

关 键 词：老官山医简 金伤死候简 人体要害部位 文献研究 新方法探索 

分 类 号：D919[医药卫生—法医学] R245[政治法律—法学]