熔体静电纺丝纤维细化技术研究进展  

Development of Melt Electrospun Fiber Thining Technology

作　　者：王宇航 杨卫民[1,2] 李好义[1] 谭晶[1] Yuhang Wang;Weimin Yang;Haoyi Li;Jing Tan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Beijing University of Chemical Technology;State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学机电工程学院 [2]北京化工大学有机无机国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《高分子材料科学与工程》2024年第8期174-180,共7页Polymer Materials Science & Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3804204)。

摘　　要：聚合物熔体静电纺丝技术是纳米纤维绿色高效制备的重要途径。但受限于熔体黏度高、导电性差和射流冷却快,制备纤维的平均直径往往分布在数百纳米至几十微米,远未达到直径小于100 nm的纳米材料。熔体电纺过程涉及驱动力、表面张力、熔体黏度和射流热交换速率等多种影响成型纤维直径的因素,各因素间相互影响,这使得熔体静电纺丝的纤维细化机理极其复杂。为此,文中从熔体泰勒锥形成和射流牵伸细化2个阶段出发,归纳分析了现有熔体电纺纤维细化研究的方法、工艺及材料体系对纤维直径的影响。研究表明,通过装置设计、材料体系调控和工艺优化来缩小泰勒锥尺寸、增大驱动力、降低熔体黏度并尽量延长射流牵伸细化时间是纤维细化的关键。射流运动状态与温度变化检测系统的设计、高电导率低黏度绿色纺丝专用料的开发以及吹-吸热气流辅助纺丝系统的设计等是熔体电纺纤维细化的研究趋势。Polymer melt electrospinning is a crucial approach for the green and efficient preparation of nanofibers.However,due to limitations such as high melt viscosity,poor electrical conductivity,and rapid jet cooling,the average diameter of the resulting fibers tends to range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers,which falls short of achieving nanomaterials with diameters less than 100 nm.The process of melt electrospinning involves various factors that influence fiber diameter,including driving force,surface tension,melt viscosity,and jet heat exchange rate.These factors interact with each other in a highly complex manner,making the fiber refinement mechanism in melt electrospinning extremely intricate.To address this issue comprehensively,this paper focused on two stages:Taylor cone formation and jet drafting refinement.It provided an inductive analysis of existing research mechanisms related to fiber refinement in melt electrospinning processes as well as explored relevant processes and materials involved.The study reveals that key aspects for achieving fiber refinement lie in device design aimed at reducing Taylor cone size;regulation of material systems to increase driving force while decreasing melt viscosity;and attempts to extend the time frame for jet drafting refinement.Additionally suggested research trends include designing a system for monitoring jet motion state and temperature change;developing special materials with high conductivity and low viscosity suitable for green spinning;as well as designing a blowing-absorbing airflow-assisted electrospinning system.

关 键 词：熔体静电纺丝 泰勒锥 射流牵伸细化 熔体黏度 驱动力 

分 类 号：TQ340.64[化学工程—化纤工业]