旋切式电动割胶刀在茂名植胶区试验初报  

The Rotary Motorized Tapping Knife was First Reported in the Rubber Planting Area of Maoming City

作　　者：李富存 罗世巧[1] 谢黎黎[1,2] 马启铭 杨江波 潘媛 LI Fucun;LUO Shiqiao;XIE Lili;MA Qiming;YANG Jiangbo;PAN Yuan(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Opening Project Fund of Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China)/State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Cultivation&Physiology for Tropical Crops,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China;Guangdong Agricultural Reclamation Institute of Tropical Crops Science,Huazhou,Guangdong 525100,China;Guangdong Agricultural Reclamation Academy of Tropical Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部橡胶树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地-海南省热带作物栽培生理学重点实验室,海南海口571101 [2]广东农垦热带作物科学研究所,广东化州525100 [3]广东农垦热带农业研究院有限公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2024年第7期1-6,共6页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(No.2020B020217003);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所省部重点实验室及科学观测实验站开放课题(No.RRI-KLOF202004)。

摘　　要：广东茂名植胶区由于胶价低迷,胶工短缺,面临橡胶大面积弃割风险。提高现有胶工的潜力,快速培养合格胶工,对天然橡胶发展速度、质量和效益有积极的影响。传统推式割胶方式是一种精细且技术性很强的手工操作,茂名植胶区大部分都是使用这种方式进行采胶,采用此方法存在胶工劳动强度大、培训时间长、橡胶树死皮率高、割胶速度难以再进一步提高等缺点。机械化、智能化割胶工具与技术研究在国内外都备受重视,良具良法的升级换代离不开新的核心资源引进或者创制。本研究以茂名植胶区比较有代表性的品种‘热研73397’为试验材料,进行4CJX型旋切式电动割胶刀(旋切胶刀)和传统推式割胶刀(传统胶刀)对比试验,结果发现,旋切胶刀耗皮量更低,割胶深度更浅,割胶速度更快,劳动强度更低(p<0.01),培训7 d就可以进行试验割胶,对缩短胶工培训时间、降低培训成本有积极作用。割胶方式多样化发展,有利于割胶技术的进一步提升,旋切胶刀割胶不会污染胶水,且对乳管挤压、摩擦均与传统胶刀的差异不大,通过机械结构控制耗皮量和割胶深度,能避免胶工超深割胶,不易伤树,对保护橡胶树有积极作用,橡胶树保持健康,是保持高产、稳产的保障。有必要通过加强胶工针对性培训,来解决减产问题。同时,机械还有不少改进空间,来进行更有针对性的设计。随着机械的进一步发展,技术的进一步成熟,旋切式电动割胶刀会成为解决茂名植胶区割胶难题的重要工具。Due to the low price of rubber and the shortage of tappers,the Maoming rubber planting area faces the risk of large-scale abandonment of rubber.Improving the potential of existing tappers and quickly training many qualified tappers will affect the development speed,quality,and efficiency of natural rubber.The traditional hand-pushing tapping method is a fine and highly technical manual operation.Most rubber planting areas in Maoming use this method to tap rubber.There are several disadvantages,such as high labor intensity for tappers,long training times,high dead skin rates of rubber trees,and difficulty in further improving the tapping speed.Mechanized and intelligent rubber tapping tools and technology research at home and abroad have received much attention,and the upgrading of good tools and methods cannot be separated from the introduction or creation of new core resources.In this study,‘Reyan 73397’,a representative variety in the Maoming rubber growing area,was used as the test material,and 4CJX rotary motorized tapping knives(RMKs)and traditional hand-pushing tapping knives(HPKs)were compared and analyzed.The results revealed that the bark consumption of the RMK is signifi-cantly lower(p<0.01),the cutting depth of the RMK is significantly shallower(p<0.01),the cutting speed of the RMK is re-markably faster(p<0.01),and the labor intensity of the RMK is significantly lower(p<0.01).At the same time,the experi-mental RMK tapping can be carried out after seven days of training,which has a positive effect on shortening the training time and reducing the training cost.The diversified development of tapping methods is conducive to the further improvement of tapping technology.The RMK does not pollute latex,and laticifer extrusion,friction,and HPK do not differ much through the mechanical structure to control the amount of bark consumed,control the cutting depth,avoid ultradeep tapping,prevent easy damage to trees,and have a positive effect on the protection of rubber trees and rubber trees to maintain health.

关 键 词：橡胶树 茂名植胶区 旋切式 电动割胶 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]