二氢赤霉素对不同增密条件下蜀麦133冠层光能截获和产量的影响  

Effects of 16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5 on canopy radiation interception and yield of Shumai 133 under different planting density

作　　者：刘雨杭 赵书宏 祝婷婷 梁振宇 贺大海 陈佳博 任勇 黄林 樊高琼[1,3,4] 伍碧华 LIU Yu-Hang;ZHAO Shu-Hong;ZHU Ting-Ting;LIANG Zhen-Yu;HE Da-Hai;CHEN Jia-Bo;REN Yong;HUANG Lin;FAN Gao-Qiong;WU Bi-Hua(State Key Laboratory for Exploration and Utilization of Crop Genetic Resources in Southwest China,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Triticeae Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-Physiology and Farming System in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Sichuan Agricultural Uni-versity,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Crop Characteristic Resources Creation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Mianyang 621023,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室,四川成都611130 [2]四川农业大学小麦研究所,四川成都611130 [3]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川成都611130 [4]作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,四川成都611130 [5]绵阳市农业科学研究院/厅市共建作物特色资源创制及应用四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621023

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第11期2787-2800,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：四川省重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014)资助。

摘　　要：为探究新型赤霉素抑制剂“二氢赤霉素”对不同增密条件下小麦冠层光能截获和产量的影响,于2021—2023两个生长年度选用国审小麦品种蜀麦133在成都大邑县开展二因素裂区大田试验,主区密度分别为250万株hm^(-2)(常规密度,B1)、300万株hm^(-2)(增密20%,B2)、350万株hm^(-2)(增密40%,B3)和400万株hm^(-2)(增密60%,B4),副区分别为喷施清水(CK0)、200 mg L^(-1)多效唑-甲哌鎓混合剂(CK1)、100 mg L^(-1)二氢赤霉素(C2)和200 mg L^(-1)二氢赤霉素(C3)。结果表明,增密导致小麦冠层光环境变差,从B1增密到B4,小麦叶面积指数(LAI)和上部光能截获率(IPAR)分别增加16.7%~61.0%和10.3%~17.9%;旗叶面积、叶夹角、叶绿素含量、下部IPAR和净光合速率分别降低8.5%~16.8%、3.5%~11.2%、1.6%~6.1%、4.2%~12.0%和2.2%~7.3%。喷施二氢赤霉素显著改善小麦冠层结构,C3显著降低各密度下的旗叶叶面积、叶夹角和上部IPAR,分别达18.5%、17.0%和19.1%;显著提升叶绿素含量、LAI、下部IPAR、光能转换率和光能利用率,分别达18.7%、21.5%、62.2%、23.1%和26.6%。二氢赤霉素显著增加籽粒占比和花后干物质积累量,C3显著提升分别达36.4%和13.3%。增密显著增加有效穗数达23.7%,降低穗粒数和千粒重。喷施二氢赤霉素进一步提升增产潜力,C3显著增加有效穗数、穗粒数、收获指数和产量分别达4.4%、12.4%、10.3%和8.5%。因此,二氢赤霉素对增密后的小麦冠层光环境具有显著改善作用,有效提高小麦光能截获率与光能利用率,增加花后干物质积累,显著提高籽粒产量。在本试验条件下,增密到300万株hm^(-2)配施200 mg L^(-1)二氢赤霉素产量最高。The cultivar“Shumai 133”was used to investigate the effects of a new gibberellin inhibitor,16,17-dihydro gibberellin A5(2HGA5),on canopy radiation capture and wheat yield under different planting densities in Dayi,Chengdu,from 2021 to 2023.A split-plot experiment was designed with two factors:four planting densities(2.5×10^(6)plants hm^(-2)(B1),3×10^(6)plants hm^(-2)(B2),3.5×10^(6)plants hm-2(B3)and 4×10^(6)plants hm-2(B4)and chemical regulator treatments(water control(CK0),200 mg L-1 paclobutrazol and mepiquat chloride mixture(CK1),100 mg L-12HGA5(C2),and 200 mg L-12HGA5(C3)).The results showed that increasing planting density deteriorated the light environment of the wheat canopy.From B1 to B4,leaf area index(LAI)and the upper interception of photosynthetically active radiation(IPAR)of flag leaves increased by 16.7%-61.0%and 10.3%-17.9%,respectively.Conversely,the leaf area,leaf angle,chlorophyll content,lower IPAR,and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of flag leaves decreased by 8.5%-16.8%,3.5%-11.2%,1.6%-6.1%,4.2%-12.0%,and 2.2%-7.3%,respectively.2HGA5 significantly improved wheat canopy structure.Under C3 treatment,compared with CK0,flag leaf area,leaf angle,and upper IPAR were significantly reduced by 18.5%,17.0%,and 19.1%,respectively,while chlorophyll content,LAI,lower IPAR,PAR conversion efficiency(PCE),and PAR use efficiency(PUE)increased significantly by 18.7%,21.6%,62.2%,23.1%,and 26.6%,respectively.2HGA5 also significantly increased the proportion of dry matter in grains and the accumulation of dry matter post-flowering.Under C3 treatment,these traits increased by 36.4%and 13.3%,respectively,compared to CK0.Effective spikes increased significantly by 23.7%from B1 to B4,although kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight decreased.Grain yield further increased after 2HGA5 was applied.Compared to CK0,effective spikes,kernels per spike,harvest index,and grain yield under C3 treatment increased by 4.4%,12.4%,10.3%,and 8.5%,respectively.In conclusion,2HGA5 significantly improved the light environment of the

关 键 词：小麦 二氢赤霉素 种植密度 冠层结构 光能截获率 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]