播量对缩行带状滴灌燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响  

Effect of seeding rates on lodging resistance and yield of oat under reduced strip drip irrigation

作　　者：杨志雪 刘景辉[1,2] 米俊珍[1,2] 孙婧 赵宝平[1,2] 任长忠[3] 田露 郑成忠 YANG Zhi-Xue;LIU Jing-Hui;MI Jun-Zhen;SUN Jing;ZHAO Bao-Ping;REN Chang-Zhong;TIAN Lu;ZHENG Cheng-Zhong(School of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China;Inner Mongolia University Oat Engineer-ing Research Center/Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Oat Engineering Laboratory/Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Multi-grain Industry Collaborative Innovation Center,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China;Baicheng City Agricultural Science Research Institute of Jilin Province,Baicheng 137000,Jilin,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010000,Inner Mongolia,China;Ulanqab City Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Ulanqab 012000,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [2]内蒙古高校燕麦工程研究中心/内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室/内蒙古农业大学杂粮产业协同创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [3]白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000 [4]内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010000 [5]乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第11期2831-2847,共17页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：燕麦全产业链科技创新团队项目(BR22-12-05);内蒙古重大专项(2021ZD0002);内蒙古自治区燕麦藜麦产业技术创新推广体系,财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(燕麦荞麦,CARS-07);内蒙古“草原英才”燕麦种质资源利用创新人才团队;内蒙古自治区燕麦工程实验室能力建设项目(BR221023)资助。

摘　　要：为明确缩行带状滴灌下播量对燕麦抗倒伏能力和产量的影响,于2022—2023年以抗倒伏品种“坝莜1号”和易倒伏品种“燕科2号”为试验材料,分别设90 kg hm^(-2)(S1)、120 kg hm^(-2)(S2)、150 kg hm^(-2)(S3)、180 kg hm^(-2)(S4)和210 kg hm^(-2)(S5)5个播量,研究其对燕麦茎秆基部理化特性、抗倒伏能力、产量及构成因素的影响。结果表明,燕麦株高和重心高度随播量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,“坝莜1号”在S3处理下最高,较其他处理株分别增加了2.63%~13.36%和1.49%~12.30%;“燕科2号”在S2处理下最高,较其他处理分别增加了2.52%~15.20%、4.67%~21.21%。两燕麦茎秆基部第二节间长随播量增加而增加,S1较其他处理降低了10.86%~96.39%,第二节间粗、干重、充实度及抗折力随播量增加而减小,S1较其他处理分别增加了1.76%~32.81%、9.08%~125.89%、26.88%~292.64%、6.48%~129.70%。随着播量的增加,燕麦茎秆基部纤维素、可溶性糖、C/N、钾、硅含量逐渐降低,氮含量相反。与其他处理相比较,S1处理各化学组分含量分别增加了5.81%~74.10%、1.62%~24.34%、4.78%~55.41%、1.90%~107.78%、2.00%~17.37%,氮含量降低了2.95%~22.66%。倒伏率和倒伏级别在不同年份和品种间表现不同:2022年坝莜1号和燕科2号分别在S4~S5和S3~S5播量下发生倒伏,2023年两燕麦均发生倒伏,且倒伏率和倒伏分级随播量增加而增加。穗粒数和千粒重随播量增加而降低,但籽粒产量呈先升高后降低趋势,“坝莜1号”和“燕科2号”分别在150 kg hm^(-2)和120 kg hm^(-2)下籽粒产量最高。相关性分析表明,燕麦茎秆基部节间形态特征和化学组分含量显著影响茎秆基部抗折力,从而影响田间倒伏率和级别,可作为评价燕麦抗倒伏能力的关键指标。综合考虑抗倒伏能力与籽粒产量,坝莜1号最佳播量为150 kg hm^(-2),燕科2号最佳播量为120 kg hm^(-2)。This study aimed to determine the effects of seeding rate under reduced strip irrigation on the lodging resistance and yield of oat.Five seeding rates-90 kg hm^(-2),120 kg hm^(-2),150 kg hm^(-2),180 kg hm^(-2),and 210 kg hm^(-2)were tested on the lodg-ing-resistant variety‘Bayou 1’and the easily lodging variety‘Yanke 2’from 2022 to 2023.We investigated the effects on physico-chemical properties,lodging resistance,yield,and constituent factors of the oat stem base.The results showed that the plant height and center of gravity height of oat initially increased and then decreased with an increasing seeding rate.For‘Bayou 1’,the high-est plant height and center of gravity height were observed under the 150 kg hm^(-2)treatment,increasing by 2.63%-13.36%and 1.49%-12.30%compared to other treatments,respectively.For‘Yanke 2’,the highest values were under the 120 kg hm^(-2)treat-ment,with increases of 2.52%-15.20%and 4.67%-21.21%,respectively.The second internode length of both oat varieties in-creased with seeding rate,while the course,dry weight,fullness,and bending resistance of the second internode decreased.Com-pared with other treatments,the 90 kg hm^(-2)treatment showed increases of 1.76%-32.81%in coarse,9.08%-125.89%in dry weight,26.88%-292.64%in fullness,and 6.48%-129.70%in bending resistance.With higher seeding rates,the contents of cellu-lose,soluble sugar,C/N ratio,potassium,and silicon in the oat stem base decreased,while nitrogen content increased.Under the 90 kg hm^(-2)treatment,these chemical components increased by 5.81%-74.10%,1.62%-24.34%,4.78%-55.41%,1.90%-107.78%,and 2.00%-17.37%,respectively,whereas nitrogen content decreased by 2.95%-22.66%.Lodging rates and grades varied by year and variety.Lodging occurred in‘Bayou 1’and‘Yanke 2’under seeding rates of 180−210 kg hm^(-2)and 150−210 kg hm^(-2),respec-tively,with both varieties experiencing increased lodging in 2023 as seeding rates rose.The number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight decreased with higher seeding rates

关 键 词：茎秆基部形态 茎秆基部化学组分含量 抗折力 倒伏率 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]