叶面喷施调节剂对迟播油菜越冬期氮素利用和产量的影响  

Effect of foliar spraying regulators on nitrogen utilization during the overwin-tering stage and yield of late-sowing rapeseed

作　　者：郭茂畅 陈杜娟 袁金展[1] 张哲[2] 蒋博 杨书婷 陈敏[1] 郭安达 王琪 蒯婕 汪波[1] 王晶 赵杰 徐正华[1] 周广生[1] GUO Mao-Chang;CHEN Du-Juan;YUAN Jin-Zhan;ZHANG Zhe;JIANG Bo;YANG Shu-Ting;CHEN Min;GUO An-Da;WANG Qi;KUAI Jie;WANG Bo;WANG Jing;ZHAO Jie;XU Zheng-Hua;ZHOU Guang-Sheng(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University/Hubei Hongshan Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125,China;Hubei Department of Rape Production Management,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/湖北洪山实验室/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,湖北武汉430070 [2]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125 [3]湖北省油菜办公室,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《作物学报》2024年第11期2870-2882,共13页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB028);湖北省揭榜挂帅项目(HBZY2023B001-01)资助。

摘　　要：确保迟播油菜产量是缓解长江流域稻油茬口矛盾、挖掘冬闲田潜力的关键。本研究以早熟油菜品种华油杂137为试验材料,随机区组设计,3叶期设置清水对照(CK)及10、25、50 mg L^(-1)的赤霉素(gibberellic acid,GA3,G1,G2,G3),0.25、0.5 mg L^(-1)的2,4-表油菜素内酯(2,4-epibrassinolide,2,4-EBR,B1,B2),10、20 mg L^(-1)的胺鲜酯(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate,DA-6,D1,D2)的叶面喷施处理。于2021—2023年2个生长季进行田间小区试验,研究叶面喷施调节剂对迟播油菜越冬期氮素利用和产量形成的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,迟播油菜叶面喷施适量浓度的GA3、2,4-EBR和DA-6具有增产效应,过量施用(如G3、B2处理)则会有负面作用,其中G1、B1和D2的产量增幅较高,2021—2022较CK分别增加13.9%、10.3%和6.3%,2022—2023则分别增加12.5%、7.2%和6.2%。叶面喷施调节剂处理后,越冬期叶面积和叶干重显著增加。其机制一方面是叶片赤霉素(GA3)、吲哚乙酸(IAA)和玉米素(Zt)含量增加,脱落酸(ABA)含量下降,叶面积增加;另一方面是叶片硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(glutamine synthetase,GS)和谷氨酸合成酶(glutamate synthetase,GOGAT)活性增强,叶片氮同化能力提高,叶干重增加。相关分析表明,产量与叶面积和叶干重呈正相关,叶面积与GA3、IAA和Zt含量呈显著正相关,与ABA含量呈显著负相关,且NR、GS和GOGAT活性分别与GA3、IAA和Zt含量呈显著正相关,而与ABA含量呈显著负相关。综上,迟播油菜在三叶期叶面喷施适宜浓度GA3、2,4-EBR和DA-6通过调节叶片激素含量,一方面提高了NR、GS和GOGAT酶活性,叶片氮素同化能力改善,氮素利用率提高;另一方面促进了叶片扩张,形成更大叶面积,有利于干物质积累而提高产量;且以G1(10 mg L^(-1)GA3)、B1(0.25 mg L^(-1)24-EBR)和D2(10 mg L^(-1)DA-6)的处理效果较好。本研究可为长江流域迟播油菜冬前壮苗培育及提高冬闲田利用率提�Ensuring high yields of late-sown rapeseed plays a crucial role in mitigating the conflict of cropping seasons between rice and rapeseed cultivation,while maximizing the utilization of winter fallow fields in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB).In this study,we focused on the early-maturing rapeseed variety,Huayouza 137.A completely randomized block design was employed,including a control group(CK)with clear water,as well as treatments with different concentrations of gibberellic acid(GA3)at 10,25,and 50 mg L^(-1)(G1,G2,G3),2,4-epibrassinolide(2,4-EBR)at 0.25 mg L^(-1)and 0.5 mg L^(-1)(B1,B2),and Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate(DA-6)at 10 and 20 mg L^(-1)(D1,D2).The foliar spraying of these regulators was carried out at the 3-leaf stage from 2021 to 2023,and their effects on nitrogen utilization and yield formation of late-sown rapeseed during the overwintering stage were investigated.The results showed that moderate concentrations of GA3,2,4-EBR,and DA-6 significantly enhanced the yield of late-sown rapeseed compared to CK.However,excessive application of regulators,such as GA3 and B2 treatments,had a nega-tive impact.Notably,G1,B1,and D2 treatments exhibited the highest yield increases.Specifically,compared to CK,they resulted in yield increments of 13.9%,10.3%,and 6.3%from 2021 to 2022,and 12.5%,7.2%,and 6.2%from 2022 to 2023,respectively.Foliar spraying regulators also increased the leaf area and leaf dry matter.On one hand,the content of leaf gibberellin(GA3),indoleacetic acid(IAA),and zeatin(Zt)increased,while the abscisic acid(ABA)content decreased,leading to an expansion of the leaf area.On the other hand,the activities of leaf nitrate reductase(NR),glutamine synthetase(GS),and glutamate synthetase(GOGAT)increased,enhancing the nitrogen assimilation capacity of the leaves and resulting in increased leaf dry weight.Correlation analysis revealed that yield was positively correlated with leaf area and leaf dry matter.Leaf area showed a positive correlation with GA3,IAA,and Zt content,while negatively correlating with

关 键 词：油菜 迟播 叶面喷施 调节剂 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]