人民代表大会制度与新中国立法历程  

The People's Congress System and Legislative Process of New China

作　　者：陈斯喜 CHEN Sixi

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2024年第5期14-22,共9页China Law Review

摘　　要：1949年《共同纲领》正式确立人民代表大会制度为我国的根本政治制度,1954年第一届全国人民代表大会召开标志着人民代表大会制度正式建立。从1949年到1954年,人民代表大会制度的基本内容已经付诸实施,多数省、市、县陆续召开了人民代表会议,代行人民代表大会的职权,这段时间我国的政体可称为“准人民代表大会制度”。人民代表大会制度与立法的发展经历了三个时期:从正式确立到正式建立并初步发展时期、遭受挫折和严重破坏时期、恢复并进入快速发展时期,每个时期又可以分为若干阶段。回顾这个发展历程启示我们,人民代表大会制度与立法能否顺利发展,主要取决于最重要的三个因素,即人民代表大会制度和立法的发展与治国方略的选择、与国家任务的确定、与对民主的认识密切相关。The system of people's congresses was formally established as the fundamental political system of China in the Common Programme of 1949,and the convening of the first National People's Congress in 1954 marked the formal establishment of this system.However,during this period,the basic framework of the People's Congress system had already been implemented,with most provinces,cities,and counties successively convening People's Representative Assemblies to exercise the functions of the People's Congress.This phase can therefore be referred to as a“quasi-People's Congresses system”.The development of the People's Congress system and legislation can be divided into three phases:the period of initial establishment and development,the period of setbacks and severe disruption,and the period of recovery and rapid growth.Each phase can be further divided into several stages.The process of the development reveals that the successful progress of the People's Congresses system and legislation depends primarily not on the system itself but on external factors.The three most important factors are:the choice of national governance strategies,the determination of state objectives,and the understanding of democracy.

关 键 词：人民代表大会制度 新中国立法历程 民主集中制 社会主义法治 宪法修正案 

分 类 号：D622[政治法律—政治学] D921[政治法律—中外政治制度]