宪法解释与合宪性审查的关系辨析  

Analysis of the Relationship Between Constitutional Interpretation and Constitutionality Review

作　　者：朱学磊 ZHU Xuelei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国法律评论》2024年第5期95-108,共14页China Law Review

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的理论基础和实施方案”(23ZDA073)的阶段性成果;中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划(DF2023YS33)资助。

摘　　要：宪法解释与合宪性审查的关系是我国宪法中的开放性议题。在历部宪法起草者眼中,解释宪法与监督宪法的实施均为独立职权,各自有其发挥作用的空间,不存在必然关联。在现行宪法和法律体系之下,全国人大常委会的宪法解释属于立法性解释、抽象解释,有特定的规范成因,这使得宪法解释与一般意义上对宪法含义的说明区分开来。合宪性审查是重要的宪法解释发生场域,但宪法实施的其他环节同样可以为解释宪法创造契机。全国人大常委会“全链条”式的合宪性审查分别以立法权和监督权为基础,二者均有必要说明宪法含义,其首要功能是服务于审查决定的做出,至于是否转化为宪法解释要由全国人大常委会判断。当前,全国人大常委会有必要明确宪法解释的实体标准和程序机制,为协调推进宪法解释与合宪性审查工作创造条件。The relationship between constitutional interpretation and constitutionality review has been an open-ended question arising from China's Constitution.In the eyes of drafters of China's different constitutions,interpretating constitution and supervising implementation of constitution are independent power,which have their own roles to play and there is no necessary correlation between them.Under China's current constitutional and legal systems,constitutional interpretations of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress should be defined as legislative and abstract interpretations,which have special normative causes and distinguish constitutional interpretations from description of constitution's meaning in the general sense.The processes of constitutionality review have offered important fields for constitutional interpretations while other aspects of implementation of constitution can also create opportunities for it.The“Full Chain”style constitutionality review of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress have based on legislative and supervisory power respectively.Both of them should state the meaning of the Constitution,the functions of which are offering justifications for decisions of constitutionality review.Whether these statements should be converted to constitutional interpretations depends on the judgements of Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.At present it is necessary for Standing Committee of the National People's Congress to clarify the substantive standards and procedural mechanisms of constitutional interpretation,which will create conditions for coordinated promotions of constitutional interpretation and constitutionality review.

关 键 词：宪法解释 合宪性审查 监督宪法的实施 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]