人脸照片应归属于生物识别信息吗?  

Should Face Photos Be Classified as Biometric Data?

作　　者：褚婧一 CHU Jing-yi(School of Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2024年第5期153-164,共12页Administrative Law Review

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金一般项目“数据要素供给视角下的政府数据开放行政法治研究”(项目编号:20BFX046)。

摘　　要：在数字人脸时代,以人脸照片为代表的面部图像的信息属性亟待厘定,其争议焦点在于人脸照片与生物识别信息的关系。生物识别信息的概念由范围、技术与功能三要素构成。在人脸识别等第一代生物识别技术背景下,生物识别信息的范围要素是指“与自然人的身体、生理或行为特征有关”,技术要素为“经由识别或验证技术处理”,功能要素是“能够实现对自然人的已识别”。以情感计算和生物特征分类技术为代表的第二代生物识别技术的发展将扩展生物识别信息的内涵,即范围要素扩展至生物信号、技术要素加入了探测与分类技术、功能要素则新纳入可识别标准。对作为一般个人信息的人脸照片,技术要素是判断其能否归入生物识别信息的标准。在当下,已进入或即将进入识别、验证技术展开生物比对活动的人脸照片,应归属于生物识别信息;在将来,已进入或即将进入探测、分类技术的人脸照片,也应归属于广义的生物识别信息。In the era of digital faces,the informational nature of facial images represented by face photos needs to be determined,and the focus of controversy is the relationship between face photos and biometric data.The concept of biometric data consists of three elements:scope,technology,and function.In the context of the first generation of biometric technology such as facial recognition,the scope element of biometric data refers to"related to the body,physiology or behavioral characteristics of a natural person."The technical element is"processed by identification or verification technologies",and the functional element is"capable of confirming the unique identification of a natural person".The development of the secondgeneration biometric technology represented by emotion recognition and biometric categorization technology will expand the connotation of biometric data,that is,the scope elements will be extended to bio-signals,technical elements will incorporate detection and classification technology,and functional elements will newly include the identifiable standard.For face photos as general personal information,technical elements are the criteria for determining whether it can be classified as biometric data.At this time,the face photos that have entered or will enter the biological comparison processing carried out by identification and verification technologies shall be attributed to biometric data.In the future,face photos that have entered or will enter detection and classification technologies should also be classified as biometric data in a broad sense.

关 键 词：人脸照片 生物识别信息 人脸识别技术 情感计算技术 生物特征分类技术 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TP18[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]