湘林系列无性系油茶良种种植适应性调查  

Investigation on Planting Adaptability of Camellia oleifera Clones Xianglin Series

作　　者：侯立英 何金旺 HOU Li-ying(Oil Tea Technology Promotion Station of Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County,Sanjiang,Guangxi545500)

机构地区：[1]三江侗族自治县油茶技术推广站,广西三江545500 [2]三江侗族自治县茶叶产业化管理办公室,广西三江545500

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2024年第9期7-11,21,共6页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：三江县油茶低产林改造技术示范项目(桂科产0537029-1D);油茶优良无性系高效栽培技术集成示范项目(桂科攻10100012-1A);油茶优质高效栽培技术集成应用示范项目(桂科攻1123004-1B)。

摘　　要：[目的]了解与评价湘林系列无性系油茶良种在桂北山区油茶低产林品种改造中的表现。[方法]三江县林业科技工作者于2013年、2015—2023年对当地引种的湘林系列无性系油茶良种高接换冠砧穗亲和力及生长特性、更新造林生长量、高接换冠示范林和良种更新油茶林盛产期果实主要经济性状及产量进行了追踪调查测定。[结果]湘林系列无性系油茶良种高接换冠后第1年平均愈合率和芽(株)成活率在70%~80%,第3年油茶树平均冠高1.02 m、平均单株冠幅面积0.72 m^(2)、平均单株开花结果率74.00%;湘林4号和湘林XLC158年平均产果量分别为2987.85、3631.05 kg/hm^(2),分别比小果油茶优树(本砧对照)高12.86%、37.16%;平均产油量分别为158.40、279.60 kg/hm^(2),分别比小果油茶优树(本砧对照)低3.39%、高70.54%。湘林系列无性系良种3年生油茶树冠幅面积0.69 m^(2),树高1.11 m,地径18.89 mm,尚未结果;4~5年生油茶林平均产果量2.5~247.5 kg/hm^(2),平均产油量0.01~1.37 kg/hm^(2),产量极低;盛产期平均鲜出籽率40.15%,平均种仁含油率48.72%,平均果油率6.69%,平均产果量和产油量分别超过4500、300 kg/hm^(2),均为对照品种小果油茶的2倍以上。湘林系列无性系油茶良种在海拔114 m地区种植产果量和产油量最高,分别达17640.00、1227.90 kg/hm^(2)。[结论]湘林系列无性系油茶良种在三江县不宜用于对小果油茶低产林进行高接换冠,适用于对油茶低产林进行更新改造,在海拔低于300 m地区种植可获得较高产量。[Objective]The aim was to understand and evaluate the performance of improved varieties of Camellia oleifera clones Xianglin series in the transformation of C.oleifera low-yield forest varieties in the mountainous area of northern Guangxi.[Method]In 2013 and 2015—2023,Sanjiang county forestry science and technology workers tracked and measured the affinity and growth characteristics of the high-grafting and crown-replacement rootstocks and scions,and the growth of the regeneration afforestation of the local introduced C.oleifera clones Xianglin series,as well as the main economic traits and yield of fruits in the high-yield period of the high-graft crown-replacement demonstration forest and the improved variety renewal C.oleifera forest.[Result]The average healing rate and bud(plant)survival rate of the first year after high-grafting and crown-replacement of C.oleifera clones Xianglin series were 70%-80%.In the third year,the average crown height of C.oleifera was 1.02 m,the average crown area per plant was 0.72 m^(2),and the average flowering and fruiting rate per plant was 74.00%.The average fruit yields of Xianglin 4 and Xianglin XLC15 in 8 years were 2987.85 kg/hm^(2)and 3631.05 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which were 12.86%and 37.16%higher than those of the small fruit C.oleifera tree(the rootstock control).The average oil yield of Xianglin 4 and Xianglin XLC15 in 8 years was 158.40 kg/hm^(2)and 279.60 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which was 3.39%lower and 70.54%higher than that of the small fruit C.oleifera tree(the rootstock control).The crown area of 3-year-old C.oleifera clones Xianglin series was 0.69 m^(2),the tree height was 1.11 m,and the ground diameter was 18.89 mm.The average fruit yield of 4-5 years old C.oleifera forest was 2.5-247.5 kg/hm^(2),and the average oil yield was 0.01-1.37 kg/hm^(2),which was extremely low.The average fresh seed rate was 40.15%,the average kernel oil content was 48.72%,the average fruit oil content was 6.69%,the average fruit yield and oil yield were more than 4500 kg/hm^(2)and 3

关 键 词：三江县 油茶 湘林系列 无性系良种 适应性 产量 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]