辽甜系列高粱杂交种的选育与应用  

Breeding and Application of Liaotian Series Sorghum Hybrids

作　　者：王艳秋[1] 张飞[1] 邹剑秋 张志鹏[1] WANG Yan-qiu(Sorghum Research Institute,Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenyang,Liaoning110161)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所,辽宁沈阳110161

出　　处：《园艺与种苗》2024年第9期86-90,共5页Horticulture & Seed

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-14.5-A11);国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1001700);辽宁省种质创新藏粮于技专项计划(2023JH1/10200001)。

摘　　要：辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所2005—2023年18年间共选育出21个甜高粱杂交种,其中11个为A_(1)细胞质型,4个A_(2)细胞质型,5个A_(3)细胞质型,1个9E细胞质型,细胞质类型丰富。在A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)、9E细胞质高糖不育系的创制方面有所突破,消除了高粱在遗传上的单一性和脆弱性,创制高糖资源和高糖亲本系,选育合理株型,A_(3)型细胞质的应用扩大了能源甜高粱种质资源的利用范围。选育的A_(1)、A_(2)和9E细胞质为粮秆兼用型品种,其茎秆产量、含糖量及籽粒产量协同提高,A_(3)型细胞质杂交种茎秆含糖量提高3~5个百分点,表现为不结籽粒,解决了甜高粱倒伏问题,规避了生产风险。辽甜1号和辽甜3号甜高粱杂交种已大面积推广应用,在生物质能源产业的发展中发挥重要的作用,促进农业结构调整,提高农民收入,具有十分广阔的开发应用前景。From 2005 to 2023,21 sweet sorghum hybrids were selected and bred by Institute of Sorghum of Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 18 years,of which 11 were A_(1)cytoplasmic type,4 A_(2)cytoplasmic type,5 A_(3)cytoplasmic type,and 19E cytoplasmic type.Breakthroughs have been made in the creation of A_(1),A_(2),A_(3)and 9E cytoplasmic hyperglycemic sterile lines,which have eliminated the genetic singleness and vulnerability of sorghum,created high-glucose resources and high-sugar parental lines,selected reasonable plant types,and expanded the utilization of energy sweet sorghum germplasm resources.The A_(1),A_(2)and 9E cytoplasm varieties were selected for both grain and straw use,and the stem yield,sugar content and grain yield were synergistically increased,and the sugar content of the stem of the A_(3)cytoplasmic hybrid was increased by 3-5 percentage points,which was manifested as no grain formation,which solved the problem of lodging of sweet sorghum and avoided the production risk.Liaotian No.1 and Liaotian No.3 sweet sorghum hybrids have been widely popularized and applied,playing an important role in the development of biomass energy industry,promoting agricultural restructuring,increasing farmers’income,and having very broad prospects for development and application.

关 键 词：甜高粱 细胞质 含糖锤度 生物产量 选育 应用 

分 类 号：S514[农业科学—作物学]