法规语体中的“但是/但”研究  

Danshi/Dan(但是/但)in the Legislative Genre

作　　者：王倩倩 WANG Qianqian(the College of International Education,Capital Normal University)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学国际文化学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第5期759-774,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语句式分析的形式方法和功能方法比较研究”(21BYY034)资助。

摘　　要：本文通过对7类部门法,共16部法律法规中“但是/但”的考察,将“但是/但”所连接的前后成分之间的语义关系归纳为6大类,分类进行描写。在此基础上,从汉语句子结构的并置性和扁平性特点出发,对6类不同的情况进行详细分析,并做出统一解释。本文认为法规语体中的“但是/但”句可以表达多种语义关系,受到两方面的影响。首先,法规语体的特点是对抽象情况的说明(张伯江2007),具体来说,是对情况的分类说明。说明情况,语义本来就会比较复杂。分类说明情况,则语义更为复杂,更容易形成套叠结构。第二,汉语句法结构具有并置性的根本特点,要求汉语的句子平铺。那么,当句子语义结构复杂、“立体”时,就需要扁平化。“但是”和“但”的使用,就是法规语体中进行句子扁平化的一种手段。借助“但是/但”,法规条文可以将原本复杂的语义采用平铺的并置短句表述出来,从而避免使用具有层级性的复杂句子。这也再次证明了沈家煊(2014)所论证的汉语的逻辑是通过并置对言来表达的。Danshi/dan(但是/但)is a pair of conjunctions expressing transitional meaning in Chinese.In the literature,there are many studies focusing on 1)the semantic relationship between the components before and after them,2)their pragmatic functions,and 3)their diachronic development.Both lexical items are generally assumed to be located at the beginning of the second clause(the following clause)to introduce an opposite meaning to the meaning or presupposition of the first clause(the previous clause).In this case,the content after danshi/dan is where the semantic focus is.Additionally,they would also be used for expressing a change of mood.In this paper,a different view is taken to suggest that danshi/dan in the legislative genre does not mainly express a change in meaning and mood in most cases,and that they don't function as the semantic focus marker,either.They are not subjective.In order to better explain this phenomenon,we chose 16 laws in 7 branches,and conducted a comprehensive analysis on the semantic relationships between the components connected by danshi/dan.Based on an extensive corpus investigation,we first categorize their usages into 6 types,which indicates 6 different usage contexts,with each described in detail.Second,in support of the“flat"and paratactic characteristics of Chinese sentences,this paper argues for a unified explanation for these usages,suggesting that danshi/dan in the legislative language can express a variety of semantic relations,within which two factors are crucial:1)the stylistic feature of legislative language is essentially a description of abstract situations(Zhang 2007).To be more specific,it involves categorizing and explaining different situations.Categorizing the situations itself can be complex in terms of semantics,and when it comes to explaining them,the semantics would become even more complex,making it easier to form nested structures.2)The fundamental characteristic of Chinese syntax is its paratactic nature,which requires Chinese sentences to be flat.Then,when the

关 键 词：但是 法规语体 立法语言 扁平化 并置 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]