草地社会-生态系统研究进展与展望  

Research progress and prospects on grasslandsocial-ecological systems

作　　者：刘月 赵文武 丁婧祎 LIU Yue;ZHAO Wenwu;DING Jingyi(State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学地理科学学部,陆地表层系统科学与可持续发展研究院,北京100875

出　　处：《资源科学》2024年第8期1523-1539,共17页Resources Science

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk20220405);中央高校基本科研业务费专项。

摘　　要：【目的】在全球变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,草地社会-生态系统的复杂性和脆弱性日益显现。系统分析草地社会-生态系统的耦合与互馈机制、驱动机制与保护管理,对提高草地社会-生态系统韧性,实现社会经济与生态效益协同发展具有重要意义。【方法】本文基于现有研究进展,总结梳理了当前草地社会-生态系统的理论框架、构成要素、耦合与互馈机制、驱动机制与保护管理。【结果】草地社会-生态系统理论正在从单一的生态学研究向复杂的跨学科研究转变;土壤、水资源、植被、牲畜、牧民是草地社会-生态系统的主要组成要素;草地社会-生态系统耦合机制和互馈机制研究在研究对象、分析方法和研究视角方面发生了转变;人类活动与气候变化是草地社会-生态系统演化的重要驱动因素;建立保护区、恢复退化草地、实施围栏封育是草地社会-生态系统保护管理的主要措施,同时推动社会经济制度创新与改革在草地恢复中也发挥着重要作用。【结论】在人地关系问题更加复杂化以及全球变化不确定性增强的背景下,未来草地社会-生态系统研究应重点开发跨尺度和跨区域的综合研究理论;同时,外部政策应被纳入草地社会-生态系统的要素组成,以更全面地理解草地社会-生态系统动态变化机制;此外,未来研究应深化草地社会-生态系统的多要素交互与政策适用性分析,优化管理策略,确保牧区生态效益、经济效益和社会效益协同发展。[Objective]The intensification of global change and human activities have increasingly exposed the complexity and vulnerability of grassland social-ecological systems(SES).Systematically analyzing the coupling and feedback mechanisms,driving mechanisms,and management strategies of grassland SES is crucial for enhancing its resilience and achieving synergies between socioeconomic and ecological benefits.[Methods]This article reviewed the current research theories,components,coupling and feedback mechanisms,driving mechanisms,and conservation management of grassland SES.[Results]The theories of grassland SES is evolving from single-discipline ecological research to complex interdisciplinary studies;soil,water,vegetation,livestock,and herders are the primary components of grassland SES;the research on coupling mechanism and feedback mechanism of grassland SES has evolved in terms of subjects,methods,and perspectives;human activities and climate change are the main drivers of grassland SES change;ecological restoration and rehabilitation,the establishment of protected areas,and enclosure for grazing prohibition are the primary measures for the conservation management of grassland SES.Innovation of socioeconomic systems plays a key role in grassland restoration.[Conclusion]In the context of increasingly complex human-environment relationships and global change uncertainties,future research should develop cross-scale and cross-regional comprehensive research theories;external policies should be incorporated into the components of grassland SES to better understand dynamic mechanisms;and future studies should also deepen the analysis of multifactor interactions and policy applicability,optimizing management strategies to ensure the coordinated development of ecological,economic,and social benefits in pastoral regions.

关 键 词：草地 社会-生态系统 可持续发展 气候变化 人类活动 综述 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]