西藏锑矿分布、类型及其成矿规律研究  

Distribution,types and metallogenic regularity of antimony deposits in Tibet

作　　者：李阳 宋扬[1] 唐菊兴[1] 陈伟[1] 孙豪 LI Yang;SONG Yang;TANG Juxing;CHEN Wei;SUN Hao(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037 [2]中国地质大学(北京),地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国地质》2024年第5期1570-1600,共31页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(DD20221684、DD20230360)资助。

摘　　要：【研究目的】锑是中国战略性矿种之一,构建新的锑矿资源基地势在必行。本文对西藏地区锑、锑−金、锑−铅−锌等矿床的地质特征、矿床类型、时空分布、成矿物质来源等进行分析与归纳,初步总结了西藏锑矿的成矿规律,对指导新一轮找矿突破具有重要意义。【研究方法】文章通过搜集、整理国内外已公开发表的西藏锑矿资料,结合最新区域地质调查成果,从地质特征、成因类型、地球化学等方面厘清西藏锑矿床(点)成矿作用与青藏高原形成演化之间的关系。【研究结果】西藏地区锑矿床类型以热液型为主,矿体主要赋存在碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩围岩中,地幔物质参与成矿,成矿时代集中在早白垩世至中新世(20 Ma左右)。成矿作用主要与碰撞型花岗质岩浆活动和碰撞后伸展期的岩浆作用有关。西藏地区锑矿的分布受各种层状构造、断裂、褶皱等构造联合控制,赋矿地层为上三叠统和侏罗系—白垩系。【结论】西藏锑矿具有分带性展布特征,从西向东划分出藏西、藏南、藏北和藏东4大锑成矿带。新生代是西藏地区锑矿最重要的成矿期,青藏高原强烈隆升后的陆内伸展背景有利于锑成矿。根据西藏锑矿成矿特征提出实用性的勘查模型,为锑矿找矿突破提供科学依据。This paper is the result of mineral exploration engineering.[Objective]Antimony(Sb)is one of the strategic minerals in China,thus it is imperative to construct a new antimony resource base.This study analyzes and summarizes the geological characteristics,deposit types,spatial and temporal distribution,and ore−forming sources of Sb、Sb−Au、Sb−Pb−Zn deposits in Tibet,and preliminarily summarizes the metallogenic laws of antimony deposits in Tibet,which is of great significance for guiding the new round of ore prospecting breakthroughs.[Methods]This paper collected and investigated the data of Sb deposits in Tibet from published literatures around the world,and combined with the latest regional geological survey results,to clarify the relationship between the mineralization of Sb deposits(prospects)in Tibet and the formation and evolution of the Tibetan Plateau from factors of geological characteristics,genetic types and geochemistry.[Results]The Sb deposits in Tibet are mainly of hydrothermal type.The ore bodies are mainly endowed in clastic rocks and carbonate rocks.The mantle materials have contributions to the Sb mineralization.The mineralization age is mainly from the Early Cretaceous to the Miocene(about 20 Ma).The Sb mineralization is mainly related to the collisional granitic magmatism and the post−collisional extensional magmatism.The distribution of Sb deposits in Tibet is controlled by various layered structures,faults,folds and other tectonic structures,and the ore−bearing strata are late Triassic and Jurassic−Cretaceous strata.[Conclusions]The Sb deposits in Tibet have the characteristics of zonal distribution,which can be divided into four major Sb metallogenic belts from west to east:western Tibet,southern Tibet,northern Tibet and eastern Tibet.The Cenozoic era is the most important metallogenic period of Sb deposits in Tibet,and the intracontinental extensional background after the strong uplift of the Tibetan Plateau is conducive to the Sb mineralization.According to the metallogenic

关 键 词：锑矿 时空分布规律 成矿物质来源 成矿规律 矿产勘查工程 西藏 

分 类 号：P618.66[天文地球—矿床学]