金属催化剂催化水合肼分解制氢的研究进展  

Research Progress of Hydrogen Production from Hydrous Hydrazine Decompo⁃sition Catalyzed by Metal Catalysts

作　　者：孔军 李蓉 刘勇 许立信[1] 叶明富[1,3,4,5] 万超 Kong Jun;Li Rong;LiuYong;Xu Lixin;Ye Mingfu;Wan Chao(Engineering Research Institute,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Anhui University of Technology,Ma’anshan 243000,China;College of Chemical and Biological Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education),Nankai Uni-versity,Tianjin 300071,China;Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Functional Materials,Anhui Key Laboratory of Optical Functional Complexes and Nano Complexes,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246011,China;Jiangxi Province Engineering Research Center of Ecological Chemical Industry,Jiujiang University,Jiujiang 332005,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工业大学化学与化工学院,工程研究院,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [3]南开大学先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室,天津300071 [4]安庆师范大学光电磁功能材料安徽省重点实验室,光电磁功能配合物和纳米配合物安徽省重点实验室,安徽安庆246011 [5]九江学院江西省生态化工工程技术研究中心,江西九江332005

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第8期1177-1190,共14页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(22108238)和联合项目(U22A20408);安徽省自然科学基金青年项目(1908085QB68);安徽省科技重大专项(201903a05020055);中国博士后面上项目(2019M662060)、派出项目(PC2022046)和特别资助站中项目(2020T130580);安徽省光电磁性功能材料重点实验室开放基金项目(ZD2021007);江西省生态化工工程研究中心开放基金项目(STKF2109)资助。

摘　　要：氢能是一种高效、清洁的新能源,有望在未来的能源领域占据重要地位。开发安全、高效的储氢材料是实现氢能大规模实际应用的关键。水合肼(N2H4·H2O)的储氢含量高(8%)且便于运输和储存,是一种具有良好应用前景的储氢材料。研究表明,使用合适的催化剂可以有效降低水合肼分解制氢反应能垒,显著提高水合肼脱氢速率。因此,开发温和条件下高效脱氢催化剂已成为水合肼作为储氢材料规模化应用的研究热点。简要介绍水合肼分解脱氢机制,并阐述水合肼脱氢催化剂体系近年的研究进展,并对提高催化剂的催化性能的策略进行分析。归纳总结改善水合肼脱氢催化剂的催化活性和制氢选择性的方法(如构筑合金结构等),添加助剂创造适宜的外部化学环境,调控金属-载体强相互作用,优化合成方法增加金属催化剂表面积和活性位点等,并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。Hydrogen is an efficient and clean new energy,and it is expected to occupy an important position in the future energy field.Developing safe and efficient hydrogen storage materials is the key to realize large-scale practical application of hydrogen energy.Hydrous hydrazine(N2H4·H2O)is a promising hydrogen storage material because of its high hydrogen storage content(8%)and convenient transportation and storage.The research show that the appropriate metal catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction energy barrier of hydrous hydrazine decomposition and hydrogen production,and significantly increase the dehydrogenation rate of hydrous hydrazine.Therefore,the development of efficient dehydrogenation catalyst under mild conditions has become a research hotspot of hydrous hydrazine as a hydrogen storage material.In this paper,the decomposition and dehydrogenation mechanism of hydrous hydrazine were briefly introduced,and the research progress of hydrous hydrazine dehydrogenation catalyst system in recent years was systematically expounded,and the strategies to improve the catalytic performance of the catalyst were analyzed.Essentially,the catalytic decomposition reaction path of N2H4 mainly depended on the cleavage sequence of N-N bond and N-H bond.The purpose of the prepared catalyst was to promote the cleavage of N-H bond.In recent years,the research on dehydrogenation catalysts of hydrous hydrazine had experienced metal nanoparticles,composite oxides and metal-supported catalysts.Metal nanoparticles were usually synthesized by co-reduction method,some of which could selectively decompose hydrous hydrazine,but the overall catalytic performance was poor.This was because the free metal nanoparticles were easy to agglomerate,which reduced the specific surface area and active sites of the catalyst,resulting in the decline of catalytic performance.Although the addition of surfactant could avoid the aggregation of metal nanoparticles,it would cover the active sites on the surface of the particles,which could not fundamen

关 键 词：氢能 储氢材料 水合肼 金属催化剂 

分 类 号：TK91[动力工程及工程热物理] TQ426[化学工程]