海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区牛肝菌目真菌物种多样性及资源评价  

Species Diversity and Resource Evaluation of Boletales in Yinggeling Area of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest

作　　者：蒋帅 符永清 符新华 陈运 邓晓华 陈徐敏 米红旭 JIANG Shuai;FU Yongqing;FU Xinhua;CHEN Yun;DENG Xiaohua;CHEN Xumin;MI Hongxu(Yinggeling Branch of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,Baisha,Hainan 572800,China;Hainan Institute of National Park,Haikou,Hainan 571100,China)

机构地区：[1]海南热带雨林国家公园管理局鹦哥岭分局,海南白沙572800 [2]海南国家公园研究院,海南海口571100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第10期2086-2096,共11页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南国家公园研究院科研项目(No.KY-22ZK06);国家自然科学基金项目(No.31560005,No.31760008)。

摘　　要：海南热带雨林国家公园鹦哥岭片区拥有我国华南最为集中连片、面积最大且保存最为完好的热带雨林,真菌多样性丰富,其中具重要生态、科研和经济价值的牛肝菌目真菌更是种类多样。在过去的10余年,本研究采用踏查法对鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌进行调查,采集标本近300号。利用形态解剖与分子系统发育相结合的方法,同时综合考虑生态特性及地理分布特征,鉴定出该目真菌5科37属82种,包括了以鹦哥岭片区为模式产地的2个属和26个物种,中国新记录种2个,海南新记录种20个。牛肝菌目真菌物种组成分析表明,鹦哥岭片区含10种以上的优势科为牛肝菌科,其物种数占物种总数的91.46%;含5种以上的优势属有6属,即金牛肝菌属(Aureoboletus)、条孢牛肝菌属(Boletellus)、新牛肝菌属(Neoboletus)、褶孔牛肝菌属(Phylloporus)、松塔牛肝菌属(Strobilomyces)和粉孢牛肝菌属(Tylopilus),这6属包含的种类占物种总数的48.78%。大型真菌资源利用价值评估表明,鹦哥岭片区的牛肝菌目真菌有食用菌20种、药用菌4种、毒菌8种,部分种类具有较好的应用前景。Yinggeling area of the National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest preserves the largest and most intact tropical rainforest in South China.It is extraordinarily rich in fungal species,especially the fungi of Boletales with important ecological,scientific and economic values.Nearly 300 specimens of Boletales were collected from Yinggeling area in the past 10 years.On the basis of morphology,molecular phylogenetic analyses,ecological characteristics,and geographical information,a total of 82 species of Boletales,belonging to 37 genera and 5 families,have been identified.Among them,2 genera and 26 species were typified from Yinggeling,2 were new to China,and 20 were new to Hainan Province.In the Boletales in Yinggeling area,the only dominant family,with more than 10 species,was Boletaceae,accounting for 91.46%of the total species.There were 6 dominant genera(Aureoboletus,Boletellus,Neoboletus,Phylloporus,Strobilomyces,and Tylopilus),with more than 5 species,haboring 48.78%of the total species of this Order.Among the Boletales species from Yinggeling area,20,4,and 8 are considered to be edible,medicinal and poisonous mushrooms,respectively.

关 键 词：牛肝菌目 大型真菌 物种多样性 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]