短期淹水胁迫和解除胁迫对诺丽生理及产量的影响  

Effects of Short-term Waterlogging Stress and Stress Relief on Physiology and Yield of Noni(Morinda citrifolia L.)

作　　者：赵雅琦 王昌跃 杨建峰[1] 王鑫鑫 张宝贵 李志刚[1] 祖超[1] 陈小爱 张彦军[1] 谭梦怡 王鸿浩 吴田[5] 王灿[1] ZHAO Yaqi;WANG Changyue;YANG Jianfeng;WANG Xinxin;ZHANG Baogui;LI Zhigang;ZU Chao;CHEN Xiaoai;ZHANG Yanjun;TAN Mengyi;WANG Honghao;WU Tian;WANG Can(Institute of Flavoured Beverages,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,Wanning,Hainan 571533,China;China Agricultural University,Beijing 100091,China;College of Tropical Crops,Yunnan Agricultural University,Pu'er,Yunnan 665099,China;Hebei Institute of Mountainous Areas,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding,Hebei 071001,China;College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/农业农村部香辛饮料作物遗传资源利用重点实验室/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁571533 [2]中国农业大学,北京100091 [3]云南农业大学热带作物学院,云南普洱665099 [4]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,河北保定071001 [5]西南林业大学园林园艺学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2024年第10期2117-2128,共12页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：科技部技术委托项目(No.Am20230493BC,No.nlbzhzz2021);万宁市重点科研项目(No.2023wnkj06)。

摘　　要：海南是我国诺丽主产区,夏季台风导致的短期淹水胁迫频发,但目前鲜有诺丽应对短期淹水胁迫和胁迫解除后生理响应研究,且胁迫对产量的影响尚不明晰。本研究以生长6个月的诺丽幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽连续浸没15 d的方法模拟短期淹水胁迫,在淹水后第1、3、7、10、15天时测定植株地上部和地下部干重、叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、根系活力(TTC)、根系丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标,并于解除胁迫后第1、7、15天测定相关指标,在主产区选取淹水和不淹水地块连续3 a测定产量。结果表明:诺丽受淹水胁迫后生理响应迅速,较不淹水对照处理,淹水第1天时叶片P_(n)下降,Pro含量增加,根系中MDA含量上升,根系活性下降,POD和SOD等抗氧化酶活性增加,这些指标在前7 d内均变化显著。而7 d后,除TTC和SOD活性仍显著变化外,其他指标的变化程度趋缓,表明叶片和根系逐步适应淹水胁迫;诺丽生物量根冠比(RSR)在淹水初期保持不变,但在3 d后显著下降,也在一定程度反映了诺丽植株短期内即已响应淹水胁迫;胁迫解除后各生理过程逐步恢复,在15 d时,诺丽光合作用、TTC基本恢复,但MDA等过氧化物含量仍然显著高于对照,表明前期胁迫形成的过氧化物其毒害作用短期难以消除。主产区多年多点的产量也表明,短期但频繁的淹水胁迫会导致产量大幅下降,降幅在21.64%~35.21%,这可能与胁迫造成的过氧化物毒害有关。因此,短期淹水胁迫不仅在胁迫期间对诺丽生理过程有较大影响,而且在胁迫解除后其不利影响仍长期存在,从而影响植株生长与产量。因此,在种植诺丽时应考虑地势较高且排水较好的地块,并做好排水系统;在易积水种植区,应在72 h内排走积水,可将影响降至最低。Hainan is the main producing area of noni in China.Short-term waterlogging stress is caused by typhoons occuring frequently in summer.However,there are few studies on the physiological response of noni to short-term waterlogging stress and after stress relief,and the effect of stress on yield is still unclear.In this study,Noni seedlings growing for 6 months were used as the experimental materials,and short-term waterlogging stress was simulated by potted continuous immersion for 15 days.Dry weight,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),proline(Pro)content of leaves,root activity(TTC),root malondialdehyde(MDA),peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were measured at 1st,3rd,7th,10th and 15th days after waterlogging.The relevant indexes were measured on the 1st,7th and 15th day after stress relief,and the yield of waterlogged and non-waterlogged plots in the main producing areas was measured for 3 consecutive years.The results showed that the physiological response of Noni after waterlogging stress was rapid.Compared with non-waterlogging control treatment,the net photosynthetic rate of leaves decreased on the 1st day of waterlogging,the content of Pro increased,the content of MDA in roots increased,the root activity decreased,and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and SOD increased.All the indexes changed significantly in the first 7 days.However,after 7 days,the changes of TTC and SOD activity of roots remained significant,but the changes of other indexes were slow,indicating that leaves and roots gradually adopted corresponding strategies to adapt to waterlogging stress.The biomass root shoot ratio of Noni remained unchanged at the initial stage of waterlogging,but decreased significantly after 3 days,which also reflected that Noni plants had responded to waterlogging stress in a short period of time.After the stress was relieved,the physiological processes gradually recovered,and at 15 days,Noni photosynthesis and root activity basically recovered,but the content of peroxides such as MDA was still s

关 键 词：诺丽 淹水胁迫 胁迫解除 生理响应 产量 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]