西藏崩滑流地质灾害孕灾环境分区及形成机制  

Zoning of landslide geological disaster-prone environment and its formation mechanism in Xizang

作　　者：卫璐宁 郭永刚 Wei Luning;Guo Yonggang(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Nyingchi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院水利土木工程学院,林芝860000

出　　处：《西藏科技》2024年第9期25-36,共12页Xizang Science And Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点支持项目(U21A20158);西藏自治区科技重大专项(XZ202201ZD0003G03);西藏自治区科技重点研发计划项目(XZ202201ZY0034G);西藏农牧学院研究生创新计划项目(YJS2024-50)。

摘　　要：西藏幅员辽阔,面积广,灾害发育频繁,因此对西藏地质灾害孕灾环境合理分区至关重要。文章综合考虑西藏的地形地貌、工程地质、地层岩性、气象气候等因子,对整个西藏地区进行孕灾分区,并选取孕灾分区内典型的崩滑流地质灾害开展影响因素和机制机理进行专项研究。得到结果如下:(1)将西藏地区崩滑流地质灾害的孕灾环境分为阿尔金山区、昆仑山区、冈底斯山区、唐古拉山区、祁连山区、喜马拉雅山区、横断山区7个分区;(2)空间分布规律:沿着喜马拉雅山区和横断山区崩滑流地质灾害发育,在时间分布上,西藏崩滑流地质灾害发生与冰川冰湖融化以及降水关系密切;(3)昆仑山区、喜马拉雅山区、横断山区3个区域是滑坡和泥石流地质灾害最为频发的地区,冈底斯山区和唐古拉山区是崩塌和泥石流灾害最为频发的地区,地质构造、降水、地层岩性等地质灾害环境条件与这些灾害形成关系紧密。文章的研究成果对归纳总结西藏崩滑流地质灾害孕灾环境分区、灾害分布、孕灾机制等具有推动作用,可以进一步解决“灾害在哪里“”灾害如何发育”这一地质灾害防治关键问题。Xizang is vast with frequent disasters,so it is crucial to rationally zone the environment for geological disasters.Considering the topography,engineering geology,stratigraphic lithology,meteorology and climate of Xizang,this paper proposed the disaster-bearing zoning for the whole Xizang area,and selected the typical landslide geological disasters in the disaster-bearing zoning to carry out special research on the influencing factors and mechanisms.The results are as follows:(1)The disaster-bearing environment of landslide geological disasters in Xizang is divided into seven sub-zones,namely Altun Mountain,Kunlun Mountains,Gangdis Mountains,Tanggula Mountains,Qilian Mountains,Himalayan Mountains and Hengduan Mountains;(2)In terms of spatial distribution,the landslide geological disasters are developed along the Himalayan and Hengduan Mountains;while in terms of temporal distri-bution,the occurrence of the disasters is closely related to the glacial lake melt and precipitation;(3)The three regions,namely Kunlun Mountains,Himalayan Mountains and Hengduan Mountains are the most landslide and mudslide prone areas;Gangdis Mountains and Tanggula Mountains are the most avalanche and landslide prone areas;the environmental conditions for geological hazards including geological formation,precipitation,and stratum lithology are closely related to the formation of these disasters.The research resultspromote the summarising of the environmental zoning,disaster distribution and disaster-bearing mechanism in Xizang,and can further solve the key problems of geological disaster prevention and control,such as“where is the disaster”and“how the disaster develops”.

关 键 词：崩滑流 孕灾环境分区 孕灾机制 西藏自治区 

分 类 号：P642.21[天文地球—工程地质学]