一种轻质隔热碳基复合材料的制备  

Preparation of a Lightweight Heat-Insulating Carbon Matrix Composite Material

作　　者：张棽棽 徐冬 赵奇志 焦玄 李彪 王克军 ZHANG Shenshen;XU Dong;ZHAO Qizhi;JIAO Xuan;LI Biao;WANG Kejun(State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]国民核生化灾害防护国家重点实验室,北京102206

出　　处：《华南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期47-53,共7页Journal of South China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52303357)。

摘　　要：高马赫数飞行器的迅猛发展对热防护系统提出了严苛挑战,对隔热材料的耐高温、抗冲击、轻质化及稳定性等要求愈发严格。以甲醛、间苯二酚为主要原料,煤基碳泡沫为增强体,结合溶胶、凝胶原位生长、超临界二氧化碳干燥技术和高温热处理工艺,制得具备优异隔热性能的煤基碳泡沫复合炭气凝胶材料,系统研究了4型碳气凝胶对复合材料热学性能的影响,探讨了隔热机制。结果表明:碳气凝胶填充了煤基碳泡沫的孔结构,使复合材料在保持低密度(0.38 g/cm^(3))的同时,展现出了显著的低热导率特性(0.0778 W/(m·K)),隔热性能较碳泡沫增强体材料提升50%,可作为一种良好的隔热材料。With the rapid advancements in high Mach number aircraft technology,the demand for enhanced thermal protective capabilities of insulation materials has become increasingly stringent.Specifically,the performance requirements of these materials,such as high temperature resistance,impact resilience,lightweight properties,and stability,have become more rigorous.A carbon foam-reinforced carbon aerogel composite material with outstanding thermal insulation performance was successfully prepared,using resorcinol and formaldehyde as raw materials.The fabrication process involved sol-gel in-situ growth,supercritical drying carbon dioxide technology and carbonization.An advanced composite material comprising carbon aerogel,exhibiting remarkable thermal insulation properties,has been developed.This material offers significant potential for applications in thermal management and insulation-demanding technologies.The effect of carbon aerogel on the thermal properties of composite material was studied.The results indicate that the pores of the coal-derived carbon foam are filled with carbon aerogel,and the introduction of carbon aerogel makes the composite have a lower thermal conductivity(0.078 W/(m·K))at low density(0.38 g/cm^(3)),and the thermal properties has seen a 50%enhancement compared to the base carbon foam material,which can be used as a good thermal insulation material.

关 键 词：煤基碳泡沫 碳气凝胶 复合材料 隔热性能 

分 类 号：O469[理学—凝聚态物理]