三峡考古涉“巫”之内涵释  

Interpretation of the Connotation of"Wu(巫)"in Archaeology of the Three Gorges

作　　者：杨阳 陈勇明 YANG Yang;CHEN Yongming

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学历史与社会学院,重庆401331 [2]内江师范学院政治与公共管理学院,四川内江641100

出　　处：《重庆第二师范学院学报》2024年第5期55-62,128,共9页Journal of Chongqing University of Education

基　　金：重庆市教育委员会项目“先秦巴与蜀两大文化区信仰进程比较”(CYB23227);四川省社会科学重点研究基地巴蜀文化与教育研究中心资助科研项目“三峡地区文明进程研究”(BSYB24-22);西华师范大学区域文化研究中心项目“巴蜀与荆楚两大文化区文明起源及其文旅价值对比研究”(QYYJC2406)。

摘　　要：“巫”的本义是古代从事祈祷、卜筮、星占,并兼用药物为人求福、却灾、治病的人,在先秦文献中也频繁出现。三峡考古证明,该地区从史前到三代,聚落林立,原始巫术发达。反映巫师的权威和形象的遗迹及遗物充分体现在公共仪式、祭祀灰坑、奠基仪式、祭祀建筑、高级官邸、公共工程、人殉葬式、人形雕塑及甲骨占卜上。三峡地区历史文化发展的脉络及其文明进程表明这里是探究中国远古人类起源和发展的重要地区,而“巫咸”“巫臷”不排除是巫师建立的早期国家。文献和考古的双重证据,将进一步赋予《山海经》中“群巫”以新内涵。The original meaning of Chinese word"Wu(巫)"refers to a person in ancient times who engaged in prayer,divination,astrology,and also used medicine or something to seek blessings,prevent disasters,and treat illnesses.It also frequently appeared in pre Qin literature.Archaeological evidence from the Three Gorges region shows that from prehistoric times to the three dynasties of Xia,Shang and Zhou,there were numerous settlements and primitive witchcraft developed.The relics and artifacts that reflect the authority and image of wizards are fully reflected in public ceremonies,sacrificial ash pits,foundation laying ceremonies,sacrificial buildings,high-end official resi-dences,public works,human sacrifice ceremonies,humanoid sculptures,and oracle bone divination.The histori-cal and cultural development of the Three Gorges region and its civilization process indicate that this is an important area for exploring the origin and development of ancient Chinese humans,and"Wuxian(巫咸)"and"Wudie(巫臷)"do not rule out the possibility that they were early states established by Wu people.The dual evidence of literature and archaeology will further give new meaning to the term"group Wu people"in the Shan Hai Jing.

关 键 词：巫文化 三峡考古 先秦时期 文明进程 二重证据法 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]