增密扩幅对胡麻光合特性、干物质积累规律与产量的影响  

Effects of increasing density and width on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield of oilseed flax

作　　者：晁长艳 高玉红[1,2] 胡亚朋 崔政军 王一帆[2] 剡斌 薛文芳 CHAO Chang-yan;GAO Yu-hong;HU Ya-peng;CUI Zheng-jun;WANG Yi-fan;YAN Bin;XUE Wen-fang(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2024年第5期1090-1099,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项基金(ZCYD-2021-12);甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05);国家自然科学基金项目(31760363)。

摘　　要：为进一步挖掘胡麻密植潜力,提高胡麻籽粒产量,于2021年采用田间裂区试验,开展了增密(750×10^(4)粒/hm^(2)、850×10^(4)粒/hm^(2)和950×10^(4)粒/hm^(2))扩幅(10 cm)对胡麻光合特性、干物质积累规律及产量形成的影响研究,结果表明,与常规条播相比,宽幅播种技术下胡麻叶面积指数、光合势和群体生长率分别显著提升34.52%~38.66%、35.60%~36.23%和20.17%~21.60%,其中以行距20 cm时增幅最大。增加幅宽显著增加了胡麻现蕾期后的干物质积累量和成熟期生殖器官的干物质分配比例,且不同行距水平下干物质积累量随种植密度增大而增大。与常规条播相比,宽幅播种通过提高单株有效蒴果数显著提高了胡麻籽粒产量,平均增产幅度达13.85%~17.38%。其中,行距20 cm搭配密度950×10^(4)粒/hm^(2)籽粒产量最高,达1884.44 kg/hm^(2)。综上,在西北旱区,宽幅播种行距20 cm与种植密度950×10^(4)粒/hm^(2)搭配可有效提高胡麻光合能力和干物质积累量,进而实现增产增收。In order to further tap the potential of dense planting and improve the grain yield of oilseed flax,the split plot experiment was conducted in 2021 to study the effects of increasing density(750×10^(4),850×10^(4)and 950×10^(4) grains/hm^(2))and expanding width(10 cm)on the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and yield formation of oilseed flax.The results showed that the leaf area index,photosynthetic potential and population growth rate of oilseed flax were significantly increased by 34.52%-38.66%,35.60%-36.23%and 20.17%-21.60%,re-spectively,compared with conventional drilling sowing treatment.And which was the largest under wide-width uniform sowing with 20 cm row spacing.Increasing of the width significantly increased the dry matter accumulation after budding stage and the dry matter distribution ratio of reproductive organs at maturity stage,and the dry matter accumulation increased with the increase of planting density at different row spacing levels.Compared with conventional drilling sowing treatment,wide sowing significantly increased the grain yield of oilseed flax by increasing the number of effective capsules per plant,with an average increase of 13.85%-17.38%.Among them,the highest grain yield has reached 1884.44 kg/hm^(2),under the treatment of 20 cm row spacing and 950×10^(4) grains/hm^(2) density.In summary,the combination of wide planting spacing of 20 cm and planting density of 950×10^(4) grains/hm^(2) can effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity dry matter accumulation and grain yield of oilseed flax in the dry region of northwest.

关 键 词：胡麻 增密扩幅 光合特性 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]