法律实践中司法政策概念的运用——基于规范性法律文件和规范性文件的分析(1949—2022)  

Concept of Judicial Policy and Its Application in Law——Analysis Based on Normative Legal Documents and Regulatory Documents(1949—2022)

作　　者：彭中礼[1] Peng Zhongli

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第10期3-21,共19页Law Science

基　　金：中南大学哲学社会科学创新团队“智慧司法研究创新团队”(2024CXTD02)资助成果。

摘　　要：在当代中国的法治发展进程中,司法政策对司法活动具有十分重要的意义。全国人大及其常委会制定的规范性法律文件没有运用司法政策概念,但是司法解释、司法文件及中共中央和国务院制定的规范性文件、国务院行政机构制定的行政规范性文件则经常运用司法政策概念。从司法政策在规范性文件中的运用来看,其具有作为裁判的规范依据,作为积极、主动司法的重要方式及作为国家和社会治理的重要手段等功能。可以从司法政策概念的类型、属性、性质等角度分析全国人大及其常委会制定的规范性法律文件中缘何没有运用司法政策概念,可以从司法政策制定主体的意图、社会治理的功能及司法政策的载体等角度探究司法文件运用司法政策概念的具体原因。司法政策由有权国家机关制定,且不同于司法解释。具体的司法政策可以传递特定的政治意图,表达有权国家机关对司法业务问题的相关判断,进而不断推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化。In the development process of the rule of law in contemporary China,judicial policy exerts a profoundly significant impact on judicial activities.Although the concept of judicial policy is not applied in normative legal documents,it is frequently used in judicial interpretations and documents,the regulatory documents formulated by the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council,and the administrative prescriptive documents enacted by the executive branch of the State Council.Considering the application of judicial policy in normative documents,it owns functions like serving as the standard basis for adjudication,as an essential way of proactive judiciary and as a vital means of national and social governance.In terms of the types,attributes and nature of the concept of judicial policy,it is possible to analyze why it isn't employed in the normative legal documents.From the angles of the intentions of the subjects formulating judicial policies,the function of social governance and the carriers of the judicial policies,it is feasible to figure out the specific reasons for judicial documents to use the concept of judicial policy.Judicial policies are formulated by competent state organs and they are distinguishable from judicial interpretations.Concrete judicial policies can convey specific political intentions and express relevance judgments of competent state organs on operational problems,thus continuously promoting the modernization of the national governance system and capability.

关 键 词：司法政策 规范性法律文件 规范性文件 司法文件 

分 类 号：D926[政治法律—法学]