单位外部关系作为职务犯罪认定依据之否定  

Negation of Taking External Relations of Unit as the Basis for Identification of Duty-Related Crime

作　　者：袁彬[1] Yuan Bin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2024年第10期82-97,共16页Law Science

摘　　要：职务犯罪是发生在单位与单位成员之间的犯罪,其保护法益是单位财产法益和单位制度法益。单位的主体地位和利益是区分单位内部关系和外部关系的前提。将单位外部关系作为职务犯罪认定的直接依据,虽然有助于保护第三人利益,但会导致单位的主体地位和利益丧失,消解职务犯罪的构成要件,混淆民事、行政行为与刑事犯罪的界限。以保护民营经济为视角,对职务犯罪的认定应当恪守单位的主体地位和利益这一主场,坚持单位内外部关系的个别化、客观化判断立场,以单位内部关系为依托,以是否侵犯单位法益为基础,坚持职务犯罪构成要件的定型化判断。单位外部关系只能在特定情况下作为职务犯罪认定的辅助。Duty crime is a crime that occurs between the unit and its members within the unit,and its protection interests are the unit property legal interests and unit institutional legal interests.The subject status and interests of the unit determine that the legal relations of the unit must be divided into internal legal relations and external legal relations.Taking the external relations as the direct basis for the identification of duty crimes,although it helps to protect the interests of the third party,it will lead to the loss of the entity's subject status,dissolve the constituent elements of duty crimes,and confuse the boundary between civil acts and criminal crimes.From the perspective of protecting the development of private economy,the identification of duty crimes should distinguish the internal and external relations of the unit,adhere to the individualization and objectivation judgment stance of different relations,maintain the subject status of the unit,adhere to the internal relations of the unit as the basis,take whether the legal interests of the unit as the premise,and take the constitution of duty crimes as the type.The external relationship of the unit can only be used as a reference for the identification of the internal relationship of the unit and as an aid for the identification of duty crimes.

关 键 词：单位外部关系 单位内部关系 职务犯罪 单位主体地位 单位法益 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]