浮游植物群落结构对生态补水的响应机制  

Response Mechanism of Phytoplankton Community to EcologicalWater Replenishment

作　　者：李鲁丹 周智伟 刘晗 贡丹丹 乔强龙 杜琦 李航 赵伟华[1,2] LI Lu-dan;ZHOU Zhi-wei;LIU Han;GONG Dan-dan;QIAO Qiang-long;DU Qi;LI Hang;ZHAO Wei-hua(Basin Water Environmental Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Hubei Province Key Lab of Basin Water Resources and Eco-environmental Sciences,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Lancang Mekong Water Resources Cooperation Center,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院流域水环境研究所,武汉430010 [2]长江科学院流域水资源与生态环境科学湖北省重点实验室,武汉430010 [3]澜湄水资源合作中心,北京100038

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第10期63-68,100,共7页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3209002);2023年度湖北省住房和城乡建设科学技术计划项目(2023057)。

摘　　要：为强化华北地下水超采及地面沉降综合治理,水利部2018年以滹沱河、滏阳河、南拒马河的部分河段作为河湖地下水生态补水试点,启动生态补水工作。为评估生态补水对河流生态环境的改善效果,探索浮游植物群落结构对生态补水的响应机制,选取连续5 a(2018—2022年)进行生态补水的滹沱河和南拒马河开展连续监测(2019—2022年),对浮游植物的群落结构及水环境因子变化展开分析。研究结果表明,生态补水使得受水水体的水质由劣Ⅴ类逐渐向Ⅱ类转变,至补水第3 a基本达到最佳水质状态;受水环境因子的影响浮游植物群落结构发生较大变化,浮游植物密度、生物量、蓝藻门种类数、密度百分比及优势种优势度均总体呈现降低趋势;硅藻门种类数和密度百分比、Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数则总体呈升高趋势;浮游植物优势种逐渐由蓝藻门种类向硅藻门、绿藻门种类转变。冗余分析结果表明,总氮和pH值是影响补水河流浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子。To strengthen the comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation and land subsidence in North China,the Ministry of Water Resources initiated a pilot project in 2018,focusing on ecological water replenishment in sections of the Hutuo River,Fuyang River,and Nanjuma River.We monitored phytoplankton and water quality factors from 2019 to 2022 in the Hutuo River and Nanjuma River,which have received ecological water supplement for five executive years(2018-2022),to evaluate the effects of the replenishment and explore phytoplankton community responses.Results indicate that ecological water replenishment gradually improves water quality from inferior-V class to II-class,reaching optimal conditions by the third year.Phytoplankton communities significantly altered in response to changes in environmental factors.Specifically,the density,biomass,percentage of cyanobacterial species,and the dominance degree of dominant species decreased over time,while the percentage of diatom species and density,Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and Pielou index increased.The dominant phytoplankton species shifted from cyanobacteria to diatoms and chlorophytes.Redundancy analysis(RDA)revealed that total nitrogen and pH were the primary environmental factors influencing phytoplankton community structure.

关 键 词：生态补水 浮游植物群落结构 优势种 多样性 冗余分析 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]