日本福岛来源^(134,137)Cs在海洋多介质体系中演变特征解析——以福岛港口区为例  

Evolving Characters of Fukushima-derived~(134,137)Cs in Marine Environment:Decadal Analysis of Most Polluted Port near FDNPP

作　　者：林武辉 张翊邦 杜金秋[3] 罗柱 曹少飞[5] 拓飞[6] LIN Wuhui;ZHANG Yibang;DU Jinqiu;LUO Zhu;CAO Shaofei;TUO Fei(Polar and Marine Research Institute,College of Harbour and Coastal Engineering,Jimei University,Xiamen 361021,China;School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China;School of Marine Sciences,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China;China Institute for Radiation Protection,Taiyuan 030006,China;National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]集美大学港口与海岸工程学院极地与海洋研究院,福建厦门361021 [2]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,辽宁大连116023 [4]广西大学海洋学院,广西南宁530004 [5]中国辐射防护研究院,山西太原030006 [6]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所,北京100088

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2024年第10期2022-2031,共10页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42276044);广西自然科学基金面上项目(2024GXNSFAA010449)。

摘　　要：日本福岛核事故以来,大量人工放射性核素持续泄漏进入海洋,造成严重海洋核污染。福岛来源人工放射性核素也可作为示踪剂,指示核素在海洋中的迁移转化规律。本研究聚焦福岛核事故后污染最严重的福岛第一核电站港口区,系统分析日本经济产业省、日本原子能规制委员会、东京电力公司等1 000多份监测报告,同时重建2011年4月至2023年10月期间港口区海水、沉积物、鱼类等多介质中^(134,137)Cs的演变历史,提出海水三阶段演变、沉积物四阶段演变、鱼类三阶段演变模式,计算不同阶段^(134,137)Cs活度水平和有效半衰期。本文发现了沉积物中^(134,137)Cs长期记忆效应及其对鱼类的持久影响,揭示了不同介质中高度一致的福岛来源^(134,137)Cs初始活度比值特征指纹,并解析了海洋鱼类对^(137)Cs富集吸收动力过程,可以为福岛核电站修复进程和核污水排海评估提供一定的科学参考。A large amount of artificial radionuclides have been released into the ocean,contributing to serious nuclear pollution in marine environment,and arising public concerns and worry around the world.The Fukushima-derived artificial radionuclides can also be used as tracers to reveal the migration,transformation processes,and fate of artificial radionuclides in the ocean.The most polluted port within less than 1 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant(FDNPP) was focused on in this study.The most polluted port near the FDNPP serves as windows to reflect progresses and effectiveness of decommissioning of the FDNPP,which is inaccessible for public and many other counties around the world.Historical activities of ^(134,137)Cs in seawater,marine sediment,and marine fish were reconstructed from April 2011 to October 2023 on the basis of over 1 000 reports from Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry of Japan,Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan,and Tokyo Electric Power Company.The patterns of the three-stage evolution of ^(134,137)Cs in seawater,the four-stage evolution of ^(134,137)Cs in sediments,and the three-stage evolution of^(134,137)Cs in marine fish were proposed to quantify the activity levels and effective half-lives(EHL) of ^(134,137)Cs at different stages.The evolutions of historical ^(134,137)Cs in seawater,sediment,and marine fish were closely related to multiple countermeasures of decommissioning at the FDNPP,including the relocation of the drainage channels during June 2014 to April 2015,seabed covering of port in April 2015,removal of highly contaminated retained water in December 2015,filling of tunnels and towers in December 2015,and completed construction of sea-side impermeable walls in February 2016.The longest EHL of 134,137Cs in marine sediment indicates the memory effect of marine sediment and its persistent and dominated contribution to ^(134,137)Cs in marine fish.Additionally,a highly consistent activity ratio of ^(134)Cs to ^(137)Cs(about 1.0) was simultaneously calculated in seawater,

关 键 词：福岛核事故 海水 沉积物 鱼类 放射性核素 核污水 

分 类 号：TL81[核科学技术—核技术及应用] P734[天文地球—海洋化学] X837[天文地球—海洋科学]