基于双层规划模型的铁路货运服务定价研究  

Pricing for Railway Freight Service Based on Bilevel Programming Model

作　　者：孙乐 肖睿 武旭[1] SUN Le;XIAO Rui;WU Xu(School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Freight Transport Department,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044 [2]中国国家铁路集团有限公司货运部,北京100844

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2024年第10期194-199,232,共7页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2023X035)。

摘　　要：灵活的、具有竞争性的运价,对提高铁路运输市场占有率具有重要作用。通过梳理铁路运输企业运费计收和运输收入清算办法,分析货主选择运输方式时考虑的广义费用。在此基础上,研究运价制定时货主与运输企业之间的主从博弈关系,决策层优化企业运杂费费率定价,以达到最大收益;从属层以货主最小支出为目标并进行公铁竞争下的货主货流分配,并构建了铁路运输企业定价优化的双层规划模型。设计了阶段模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,并运用实际数据和算例对模型和算法进行验证,求解得出的费率与当前铁路运输企业实际执行定价较为接近。研究提出的方法贴近实际,且较全面地考虑了运价制定的相关因素,可以为铁路运输企业运价制定提供参考。A flexible and competitive freight price plays an important role in increasing the market share of railway transportation.Generalized costs considered by cargo owners in choosing transport modes were analyzed by sorting the settlement rules of freight fee charging and income of railway transportation enterprises.On this basis,the Stackelberg game between cargo owners and enterprises during the pricing process was studied.The leader level optimized the pricing for freight and miscellaneous charges rates of enterprises to ensure the maximum revenue,and the follower level aimed to minimize cargo owners’costs and allocated their freight flow under road-rail competition.In addition,a bilevel programming model was constructed to optimize the pricing by railway transportation enterprises.A phased simulated annealing algorithm was designed to solve the model,and the real data and cases were used to validate the model and algorithm.The obtained results were approximate to the current prices made by the enterprises.It can be concluded that the proposed method is in line with the reality.As it comprehensively considers factors related to pricing,it can provide theoretical support for the pricing of railway transportation enterprises.

关 键 词：铁路货运 运杂费 定价 双层规划模型 模拟退火算法 

分 类 号：U2-9[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]