面向无蜂窝通感一体化系统的智能波束扫描方法  

Intelligent Beamforming Scanning Method for Cell-free ISAC System

作　　者：刘升恒 于一鸣 王仕博 杨汝名 高松涛 黄永明[1] 杨绿溪[1] LIU Shengheng;YU Yiming;WANG Shibo;YANG Ruming;GAO Songtao;HUANG Yongming;YANG Luxi(School of Information Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210096,China;China Mobile Group Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100080,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学信息科学与工程学院,江苏南京210096 [2]中国移动通信集团设计院有限公司,北京100080

出　　处：《信号处理》2024年第10期1866-1874,共9页Journal of Signal Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(62225107);江苏省前沿引领技术基础研究专项(BK20222001);东南大学“至善青年学者”支持计划(2242023R40005)。

摘　　要：传统的信息处理流程中,基于蜂窝网络的通信功能和基于无线电信号的感知功能是相互独立的。而未来的无蜂窝通感一体化网络采用了以用户为中心的理念,不再局限于传统的小区边界,以确保所有用户在服务范围内获得一致的覆盖和性能。同时感知和通信将被整合在一起,通信信号在数据传输的同时可以被用来实现对潜在目标的持续感知,从而实现更高效、更智能的信息处理和交互。本文在毫米波频段无蜂窝通感一体系统场景下,设计了一种智能的收发端联合探测波束码字选择方法。首先对接收端接入点的信息进行预处理,获得路径损失和目标的估计信息,并通过构造的统计量监测目标是否存在。随后,通过记录多次发射波束码字选择与回声信号的反馈信息,并利用强化学习算法探索最优码字与强反馈信息之间的映射关系,获得一种高效的波束码字探索策略。最后,通过不断调整通信环境和目标特性,基于深度强化学习的波束扫描模型能够排除对环境中先验信息的依赖,显著提高模型的泛化性能。仿真实验表明,相比于传统的波束扫描算法,所提算法探索到最优收发波束对需要的探索次数显著减少,这种优势在大规模波束组合的情况下更为明显。此外,即使在低信噪比情况下,所提算法依然能够通过少量尝试选择出最优的收发波束对。The evolution of B5G and 6G,along with associated wireless technologies,has not only demanded higher communication rates but has also facilitated various industrial applications such as vehicle to everything,smart manufacturing,and the industrial Internet of things,all of which rely on reliable wireless communication and accurate sensing capabilities.However,the proliferation of base stations operating in the same geographic area for next-generation communication systems has led to increased challenges related to interference and power attenuation at cell boundaries.In response,a distributed access point based cell-free integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)system has emerged as a promising solution.This system overcomes the limitations of co-location design and fosters effective ISAC functions.On one hand,the cell-free system focuses on achieving a user-centered communication service architecture.Each distributed base station serves nearby communication users and automatically switches based on movement,eliminating cell boundaries while ensuring large-scale continuous coverage and high-quality connections for network users.On the other hand,hardware and wireless resources can be effectively shared,enabling traditional communication infrastructures to incorporate sensing capabilities at minimal cost.The base station gathers target state information in the environment through signal analysis,ultimately achieving collaborative gains in communication and perception functions through mutual assistance,enhancing spectrum efficiency while reducing communication overhead.However,achieving communication signal-based sensing functionality still faces challenges,particularly in implementing directional beamforming due to hardware limitations.Traditional beamforming methods incur significant signaling overhead as the codebook and codewords increase,relying on specific environmental assumptions.To meet the performance requirements of cell-free ISAC systems,a new beamforming scanning algorithm needs to be designed.This pa

关 键 词：无蜂窝系统 通感一体化 波束训练 深度强化学习 

分 类 号：TN929.5[电子电信—通信与信息系统]