灵活就业社会保障制度改革的新思路  

Innovative Approaches to Social Security System Reform for FlexibleEmployment

作　　者：蔡继明[1] 高宏[1] CAI Jiming;GAO Hong(Center for Political Economy at Tsinghua University,100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学政治经济学研究中心,100084

出　　处：《财经智库》2024年第3期27-46,139,140,共22页Financial Minds

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色社会主义政治经济学探索”(16ZDA241);清华大学自主科研项目“数据要素按贡献参与分配的价值基础”(20235080024)。

摘　　要：灵活就业已经成为吸纳劳动者就业的重要途径,其“蓄水池”和“稳定器”作用不可忽视。在数字经济时代,灵活就业已呈现出快速发展态势,并将长期、稳定存在。不过,当前社会上对灵活就业仍有不少认知误区,对它的概念界定和统计口径也并不清晰。更重要的是,在社会保障体系中,对灵活就业劳动者的利益保护一直是相对薄弱的环节。这种保障困境,根源是在制度设计上把社会保障关系与劳动关系深度捆绑,由此形成“应有尽有”与“一无所有”的“二分法”格局。“十五五”时期,要立足就业形态发展的新特征和新趋势,探索建立适应全社会成员、各类就业形态的新型社会保障体系,应将年老贫困、疾病等每一个社会成员都会面临的基本风险,与在劳动过程中面临的其他风险区分开来,分别设计相关的保障制度,并搭建和夯实多元主体共同参与的多支柱社会保障制度体系。同时,要创新社会保险征缴和经办制度,制定细化有关参保服务、转移衔接、兜底保障等具体措施。Flexible employment has become a crucial channel for labor absorption,playing a vital role as a"buffer"and"stabilizer"in the labor market.In the digital economy era,flexible employment is experiencing rapid growth and is expected to remain a stable and enduring feature of the labor landscape.However,there are still many misconceptions about flexible employment,and its definition and statistical parameters are unclear.More importantly,the social security protections for flexible workers have been relatively weak.This challenge stems from the institutional design that tightly links social security with labor relations,creating a dichotomy where workers either have comprehensive coverage or no coverage at all.During the"15th Five-Year Plan"period,it is essential to explore the development of a new social security system that accommodates the evolving characteristics and trends of employment forms across society.This requires distinguishing between fundamental risks faced by all members of society,such as poverty in old age and illness,and the additional risks encountered in the workplace.Corresponding protective mechanisms should be designed for each category.Additionally,innovative mechanisms for social insurance collection and administration are needed,including detailed policies on enrollment services,transition linkages,and safety net provisions.This endeavor calls for the establishment of a robust,multi-tiered social security framework that involves the collaborative participation of diverse stakeholders,enhancing the system's resilience and adaptability to the dynamic labor landscape.

关 键 词：灵活就业 社会保障 新就业形态 数字经济 农民工 

分 类 号：F12[经济管理—世界经济]