英汉语谓语(动词)的时间性与句法语义动态性对比研究  

A comparative study of the correlation between predicate(verb)temporality and syntactic-semantic dynamics in English and Chinese

作　　者：施卓廷 陈铭[1] 刘正光[1] SHI Zhuoting;CHEN Ming;LIU Zhengguang(School of Foreign Languages,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学 [2]湖南农业大学

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2024年第5期655-667,798,共14页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：刘正光主持的国家社科基金重点项目“时空认知差异下的汉英句法语义关系对比研究”(19AYY0120)的支持。

摘　　要：在认知语法中,语言结构中的时间关系体现着事件概念化方式。本文以时间性的强弱变化来解释英汉语句法语义变化特征的异同,以此说明现实、认知与语言三者之间的作用方式和相互关系。研究表明,英语时间性的强弱变化主要体现在谓语本身分布能力的变化,而汉语在体现谓语分布能力变化及句法限制的同时,还有三点不同:1)谓语实现的多样性;2)构式使用的对立互补性或语义上的对立与多重解读;3)汉语谓语时间性增强时偏用SVO基本型式,时间性弱化时偏用话题构式,这也解释了汉语的SVO型和话题凸显型双重类型学特征。Because temporal relations embody ways of conceptualizing events according to cognitive grammar,this paper adopts the temporality of predicates(verbs)as a theoretical tool and common point for comparison to account for the dynamics of syntactic and semantic features in English and Chinese.This represents the correlation of reality and cognition with language.The study shows that in English,changes in the temporality of predicate verbs primarily relate to their distributional capacity and syntactic constraints,whereas in Chinese,besides displaying similar distributional and syntactic constraints,changes in predicate temporality entail three unique differences:1)the varied realizations of predicates,constructional complementarity or semantic opposition and multi-interpretations;2)strong temporality opting for SVO word order;and 3)weak temporality favoring the topic-comment construction.This explains the dual typological features of Chinese.

关 键 词：英汉语比较 谓语(动词) 时间性 句法语义动态性 

分 类 号：H314.3[语言文字—英语]