月球大椭圆太阳同步测控回归冻结轨道设计  

Design of sun-synchronous and repeating tracking condition elliptical lunar frozen orbits

作　　者：孟占峰[1] MENG Zhanfeng(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航空学报》2024年第18期205-220,共16页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技重大专项。

摘　　要：针对我国嫦娥六号月背采样返回任务中继通信的需求,提出了一种全新的月球大椭圆太阳同步测控回归冻结轨道类型及其相应的设计方法。采用von Zeipel正则变换方法,建立了考虑地球三体引力1阶、2阶项和月球J2项的大椭圆环月轨道的平均运动方程。基于平均运动方程,给出了冻结轨道所需满足的条件和相应的约束方程。在冻结轨道的基础上,进一步提出了太阳同步冻结轨道的条件,揭示了其针对月背采样返回任务可长期稳定保持和指定采样点的光照条件的独特优点,并解决了中继卫星轨道与嫦娥六号多窗口发射匹配的难题;在近地轨道节点周期概念的基础上,提出了月球轨道的测控回归概念,并建立了相应的约束方程,实现了使命轨道周期与测控条件重复周期的共振,进而长期保持稳定的测控条件。以嫦娥六号中继使命轨道设计为背景,给出了同时满足冻结、太阳同步和测控回归这3个条件的月球大椭圆中继轨道设计流程和设计结果。利用真实全摄动模型对轨道设计结果进行了仿真验证,结果表明:所给出的中继轨道参数冻结良好,与太阳同步稳定,测控回归精度高,可以完全满足嫦娥六号月背中继任务要求。To satisfy the relay communication requirements of the Chang'E-6 lunar far side sample and return mission, a new type of frozen lunar orbit under the Sun-synchronous repeating tracking condition and the corresponding design method are proposed. By using the von Zeipel canonical transformation method, the mean motion equations of high elliptical lunar orbits are obtained, taking into account the first and second order terms of the Earth's three-body perturbation and the J2 terms of the Moon. Based on the mean motion equations, the frozen orbit conditions and corresponding constraint equations are established. Using the frozen condition, the conditions of the Sun-synchronous frozen orbit are further proposed, and the unique advantages of this type of orbit for the lunar far-side sample and return mission are revealed. The matching problem of the relay satellite orbit with the Chang'E-6 multi-launch windows is resolved. Based on the concept of nodal period of low Earth orbit, the concept of repeating tracking condition for lunar orbit is proposed, and the corresponding constraint equation is established. The repeated periodic resonance of the mission orbit period with tracking conditions is realized, and stable tracking conditions are maintained for a long period.The detailed design process and results of Chang'E-6 lunar high elliptical relay orbit satisfying the frozen conditions, Sun-synchronous and repeating tracking are given. The high-fidelity perturbation model is used to verify the orbit design results. The simulation results show that the relay orbit elements are frozen stable and well synchronized with the Sun, and the accuracy of the repeating tracking condition is high, satisfying the requirements of the Chang'E-6 lunar far side sample return mission.

关 键 词：冻结轨道 太阳同步 测控回归 轨道设计 中继卫星 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]