1~5岁儿童接种肺炎球菌结合疫苗和婴儿期常规免疫协同实施的思考  

Reflections on the coordinated implementation of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children aged 1-5 years and routine infantile vaccination

作　　者：姚开虎[1] YAO Kaihu(National Center for Children's Health,Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,Laboratory of Infection and Microbiology,Beijing Pediatric Research Institute,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases,Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100045,China)

机构地区：[1]国家儿童医学中心、首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院、北京市儿科研究所感染与微生物研究室、国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心、教育部儿科重大疾病研究重点实验室,北京100045

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第8期981-984,共4页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：在肺炎球菌结合疫苗(pneumococcal conjugate vaccines,PCV)使用前,肺炎球菌性疾病(pneumococcal disease,PD)是全球<5岁儿童的常见感染疾病,也是致其死亡的重要原因。世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)将PD列为需极高度优先使用疫苗预防的疾病。目前,PCV在我国内地还属于非免疫规划疫苗,接种对象包括所有≤5岁儿童,不同年龄段的推荐接种程序不同。为尽早获得PCV免疫的间接和直接保护效应,WHO主张引入婴儿期PCV常规免疫时,协同实施1~5岁儿童接种。但我国1~5岁儿童的PCV接种率较低,应提高相关认识,在坚持婴儿期常规接种的同时,促进1~5岁儿童接种,加强PD的预防。Prior to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines(PCVs),pneumococcal disease(PD)was a common infection among children under 5 years old worldwide and a significant cause of mortality in this age group.The World Health Organization(WHO)has identified PD as a disease requiring high priority vaccination for prevention.At present,PCV is not included in the national immunization program in China's Mainland,and it is recommended for all children aged 5 years and below,with varying vaccination procedures based on age groups.To maximize the indirect and direct protective effects of PCV immunization,WHO advocates for the collaborative implementation of 1-5 year old vaccination when introducing routine infantile vaccination.However,PCV coverage among children aged 1-5 years in China remains low.It is essential to enhance awareness and promote PCV vaccination of children aged 1-5 years while continuing routine infant vaccination to strengthen the prevention of PD.

关 键 词：肺炎球菌 肺炎球菌结合疫苗 儿童 免疫接种 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]