流溪河白云段饮用水中亚硝胺污染特征研究  

Characteristics of nitrosamine pollution in drinking water of Baiyun Section of Liuxi River

作　　者：朱海燕 苏广宁[2] 谭志科[1] 黄迪舜 ZHU Haiyan;SU Guangning;TAN Zhike;HUANG Dishun(Guangzhou Baiyun Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510445,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市白云区疾病预防控制中心,广东广州510445 [2]广东省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第8期1028-1034,共7页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广州市白云区医疗卫生科技计划项目(2020-YL-019)。

摘　　要：目的 调查流溪河中下游白云段饮用水中亚硝胺类化合物(nitrosoamines,NAs)污染状况,并分析其健康风险和环境影响因子。方法 2021年7月—2022年6月对流溪河水源地原水、供水系统出厂水和管网水中9种NAs含量进行4个季度监测,采用美国环保署(US Environmental Protection Agency,US-EPA)的致癌物健康风险模型评估不同年龄人群经饮水暴露于NAs的癌症风险,将NAs监测结果与5个环境因子进行冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)。结果 NAs检出率为40.83%,主要检出N-二甲基亚硝胺(N-dimethylnitrosamine,NDMA)(33.33%),总NAs(∑NAs)浓度范围:未检出(not detected,ND)~27.63 ng/L,均值5.54 ng/L,∑NAs平均浓度表现为出厂水>管网水>原水,差异有统计学意义(H=9.12,P<0.05)。不同类型水中,原水只在夏季检出NAs,出厂水春季∑NAs浓度低于其他季节1.0倍左右,末梢水∑NAs平均浓度夏季最高(6.32 ng/L),冬季最低(4.17 ng/L),Friedman检验发现,仅末梢水中NDEA浓度季节差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.00,P<0.05)。RDA结果显示,硝态氮、pH值和耗氧量是主要环境影响因子,其中硝态氮与∑NAs始终呈正相关(α<90°),pH值只在秋冬季节与∑NAs含量呈正相关(α<90°),而耗氧量只在夏季有利于∑NAs生成。不同年龄人群经饮水暴露于NAs的致癌风险表现为婴幼儿>儿童>青少年>成人,中值为3.36×10-5,由NDMA引起的非致癌危险度可忽略(HI<1)。结论 流溪河水源及供水系统存在轻微NAs污染,婴幼儿经饮水暴露∑NAs的致癌风险最大,超过EPA规定的可接受水平(>10-4)。为控制NAs及其前体物来源,建议重点整治流溪河沿岸农村生活源、禽畜养殖和农作排放等面源污染。Objective To describe the pollution of nitrosamines (NAs) in the drinking water in the downstream Baiyun Section of Liuxi River and study the health risks and environmental factors.Methods From July 2021 to June 2022,the contents of nine NAs in the raw water of the Liuxi River water source,the finish water,and the pipe network water of the water supply system were monitored for four quarters.The carcinogenic health risk model of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) was used to evaluate the cancer risk of NAs exposure in people of different ages through drinking water.The NAs monitoring results were compared with the five environmental factors for redundancy analysis (RDA).Results The detection rate of NAs was 40.83%,and N-dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA)(33.33%)was the highest.The total NAs (∑NAs) concentration ranged from undetected (ND) to 27.63 ng/L,with an average of 5.54 ng/L.The average concentration of∑NAs was finished water>pipe network water>raw water (H=9.12,P<0.05).In different types of water,NAs were detected in raw water only in summer,and the∑NAs concentration in finished water in spring was about1.0 times lower than in other seasons.The average∑NAs concentration in peripheral water was the highest in summer (6.32 ng/L) and the lowest in winter (4.17 ng/L).Friedman test found that only the seasonal difference of NDEA in peripheral water was statistically significant (χ^(2)=8.00,P<0.05).RDA results show that Nitrate Nitrogen,pH value,and Oxygen Consumption were the main environmental factors,wherein Nitrate Nitrogen was always positively correlated with∑NAs (α was displayed as an acute angle).In contrast,covariates such as pH value and oxygen consumption showed seasonal differences in the influence of∑NAs.pH value was positively correlated with∑NAs content in autumn and winter,while Oxygen Consumption was conducive to∑NAs formation in summer.The carcinogenic risk of exposure to NAs in different age groups was infants>children>adolescents>adults;the median cancer risk was 3.36×

关 键 词：饮用水 亚硝胺 环境影响因子 冗余分析 健康风险 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]