高风险医务人员免费接种流感疫苗意愿影响因素分析  

Factors influencing the willingness of high-risk healthcare workers to receive free influenza vaccination

作　　者：冉建朝 周玉兰 黄婷[1] RAN Jianchao;ZHOU Yulan;HUANG Ting(Department of Prevention and Healthcare-Associated Infection Management,Shenzhen Third People's Hospital,National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518100,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市第三人民医院预防保健与医院感染管理部、国家感染性疾病临床医学研究中心,广东深圳518100 [2]深圳市龙岗区妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2024年第8期1035-1040,共6页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：深圳市高水平医院建设专项项目(22240G1010)。

摘　　要：目的 了解高风险医务人员对免费接种流感疫苗的意愿及其影响因素,为制定医务人员的接种策略提供参考依据。方法 本研究对2021—2022年深圳市第三人民医院高风险医务人员免费流感疫苗接种情况开展问卷调查,收集高风险医务人员的基线信息、接种意愿、既往接种史、流感疫苗知识、诊疗行为等信息,采用χ^(2)检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素logistic回归分析流感疫苗接种意愿的影响因素。结果 2021年全院接种1 864人(68.88%),2022年接种1 962人(59.33%)。共发放调查问卷1 617份,回收有效问卷1 574份,有效率97.34%,具有下一年度接种意愿1 429人(90.79%),在意愿接种人员中692人参与了2022年接种,接种率48.43%。1 574人中,参与2021年接种1 283人,发生不良反应280人(21.82%),其中接种部位轻微红肿热痛215人(76.79%),接种后3个月内罹患流感167人(13.02%);未接种人员291人,主要原因为时间不便114人(39.18%)。多因素分析结果显示,接种意愿的保护因素为岗位类别中的护理人员(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.02~4.59)、工勤人员(OR=3.72,95%CI:1.06~13.02)、既往3年接种史(OR=1.70,95%CI:1.03~2.80)、疫苗安全性(OR=9.15,95%CI:2.67~31.29)、接种必要性(OR=2.40,95%CI:1.18~4.87)、疫苗有效性(OR=6.29,95%CI:2.55~15.56)、流感知识认知(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.02~2.38)(低认知为参照组)、是否应每年接种流感疫苗(OR=10.64,95%CI:6.30~17.97)、新型冠状病毒感染疫情期间接种流感与自我保护关系(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.39~3.30)、是否会推荐患者接种流感疫苗(OR=2.22,95%CI:1.40~3.53)。结论 高风险医务人员对免费接种流感疫苗的意愿普遍较好,可作为优先人群在医疗机构中推行流感疫苗免费接种工作。同时做好接种组织工作,以确保高接种率的延续性。Objective To understand the willingness of high-risk healthcare workers to receive free influenza vaccination and its influencing factors so as to provide a reference for formulating vaccination strategies for healthcare workers. Methods A questionnaire survey on the provision of free influenza vaccination for high-risk healthcare workers was conducted in Shenzhen Third People's Hospital from 2021 to 2022. Information was collected on the baseline characteristics, vaccination willingness, past vaccination history, knowledge of influenza vaccines, and clinical practices of high-risk healthcare workers. Chi-square tests were used for univariate analysis to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination willingness. Results The total number of people vaccinated in 2021 was 1 864, with a vaccination rate of 68. 88%, and the number of people vaccinated in 2022 was 1 962, with a vaccination rate of 59. 33%. A total of 1 617 questionnaires were sent out, and 1 574valid questionnaires were collected(97. 34%). 1 429(90. 79%)of the respondents were willing to be vaccinated next year, but only 692 of the personnel who had the intention to be vaccinated(vaccination rate 48. 43%)participated in 2022. Among the 1 574 investigators, 1 283 participants were vaccinated in 2021, and 280(21. 82%) had adverse reactions, including 215(76. 79%) with mild redness, swelling and heat pain at the site of the vaccination, and 167(13. 02%) developed influenza within three months of the vaccination, and the main reason for those who did not vaccinate was time inconvenience(114 people, 39. 18%). Multivariate analysis showed that the protective factors for vaccination willingness were being a nurse(OR=2. 16, 95%CI= 1. 02-4. 59) or support staff(OR=3. 72, 95%CI=1. 06-13. 02), having a vaccination history in the past three years(OR=1. 70, 95%CI:1. 03-2. 80), vaccine safety(OR=9. 15, 95%CI: 2. 67-31. 29), vaccination necessity(OR=2. 40,95%CI: 1. 18-4. 87), perceiving vaccination effectiveness(OR=6. 29, 95%CI: 2. 55-15. 56), having a high

关 键 词：流感疫苗 免费接种 接种意愿 

分 类 号：R186.3[医药卫生—流行病学]