三峡工程运行背景下洞庭湖及鄱阳湖湿地类型动态变化规律  

Dynamic Variation of Wetland Types in Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake Under the Background of Three Gorges Project

作　　者：何子建 辛小康[2,3] 朱惇 雷俊山[2,3] 刘瑞芬 HE Zijian;XIN Xiaokang;ZHU Dun;LEI Junshan;LIU Ruifen(School of Civil Engin.Architecture and Environment,Hubei Univ.of Tech.,Wuhan 430068,China;Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Regulation of Non-point Source Pollution in Lake and Reservoir Water Sources,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430051,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院,湖北武汉430068 [2]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [3]长江水利委员会湖库水源地面源污染生态调控重点实验室,湖北武汉430051

出　　处：《湖北工业大学学报》2024年第5期115-120,共6页Journal of Hubei University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51909081);中国长江三峡集团有限公司项目(SXSNzb/0570)。

摘　　要：洞庭湖、鄱阳湖湿地是长江中下游的两个天然通江湖泊湿地,具有重要的生态服务功能。总结三峡工程运行背景下两湖枯水期湿地类型动态变化规律及两湖水文情势变化规律,并分析两湖水文情势的改变对两湖湿地类型动态变化的影响。结果表明:两湖区域湿地类型及格局发生明显变化,2003-2009年水域及泥沙滩地面积呈减少趋势,植被呈扩张趋势,2009年后水域面积开始增加;三峡工程运行后两湖区域水文情势变化趋势相同,均为入湖水量、沙量减少,泥沙淤积明显趋缓,湖区枯水期水位下降;两湖水文情势的改变对两湖区域湿地类型及格局产生影响,2003年三峡工程首次实验性蓄水使两湖湖区枯水期水位显著下降,造成两湖区域水域面积的减少及洲滩暴露,2009年中小洪水调度后枯水期水位开始回升,水域面积呈增长趋势,对两湖区域越冬水禽生境造成较大影响。分析结果为三峡工程运行背景下两湖湿地的保护和生态恢复提供了理论基础。Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake wetland are two natural lake wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,which have important ecological service functions.This paper summarizes the dynamic variation law of wetland types and hydrological regime of the two lakes during the dry season under the background of the operation of the Three Gorges Project,and analyzes the influence of the change of hydrological regime upon the dynamic change of wetland types of the two lakes.The results show that the types and patterns of wetlands in the two lakes changed significantly.The area of water and sediment decreased from 2003 to 2009,and the vegetation expanded.After 2009,the area of water began to increase.After the operation of the Three Gorges Project,the variation trend of the hydrological regime in the two lakes is the same,the amount of water and sediment into the lake decrease,the sediment deposition slows down obviously,and the water level of the lake decreases during the dry season.The change of hydrological regime in the two lakes has an impact on the type and pattern of wetlands in the two lakes.In 2003,the first experimental impoundment of the Three Gorges Project significantly reduced the water level in the dry season of the two lakes,resulting in the reduction of water area and exposure of beaches in the two lakes.In 2009,the water level began to rise in the dry season after the medium and small flood dispatching,and the water area showed an increasing trend,which had a great impact on the habitat of wintering waterfowl in the two lakes.The analysis results provide a theoretical basis for the protection and ecological restoration of the two lakes wetland under the background of the Three Gorges Project.

关 键 词：三峡工程 水文情势 洞庭湖湿地 鄱阳湖湿地 湿地类型动态变化 

分 类 号：TV12[水利工程—水文学及水资源]