多分量同步提取变换驱动的无键相状态下中介轴承故障诊断  

Fault Diagnosis of Intershaft Bearing without Key-phase Signal Driven by Multi-component Synchroextracting Transform

作　　者：杨阳[1] 胡明辉 江志农 卢子元 YANG Yang;HU Minghui;JIANG Zhinong;LU Ziyuan(Key Lab of Engine Health Monitoring-control and Networking of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029;Beijing Key Laboratory of High-end Mechanical Equipment Health Monitoring and Self-recovery,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029;Chengdu Hangli Group Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 611936)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学发动机健康监控及网络化教育部重点实验室,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室,北京100029 [3]成都航利(集团)实业有限公司,成都611936

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第16期83-97,共15页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：博士后创新人才支持计划资助项目(BX20180031)。

摘　　要：中介轴承是航空发动机的易发故障部位,在弹性支承、薄壁机匣等复杂结构影响下,机匣测得振动信号中的中介轴承故障特征极其微弱,并且因设备长期处于频繁变工况状态,缺少与振动信号完全同步、精确的高低压转速信号作为参考,振动信号的非线性时变特征同样对中介轴承故障诊断干扰严重。针对上述问题,提出一种多分量同步提取变换驱动的无键相状态下中介轴承故障诊断方法,首先利用同步提取变换(Synchroextracting transform,SET)剔除时频图中的冗余时频能量,在同组低信噪比振动信号中提取出中介轴承的内外圈多分量转频成分;再对原始振动信号进行最小熵解卷积(Minimum entropy deconvolution,MED)和信息图来增强受传递路径和环境影响的微弱故障特征,MED在突出故障脉冲的同时优化了信息图中的谱负熵结果,最优共振解调频带选择也更为准确;最后以提取转频结果的差值作为故障增强后信号转差域的基准进行阶次跟踪并进行包络分析。仿真与试验分析结果表明,该方法可在无转速计测量下有效提取出中介轴承的故障特征阶次,实现对中介轴承的故障诊断,并且较典型信号处理方法具有明显优势。The intershaft bearing is a failure-prone part of the aero-engine.Under the influence of complex structure such as elastic support and thin-walled magazine,the intershaft bearing failure characteristics in the vibration signals measured by the sensor mounted on the casing are extremely weak,and because the equipment is in variable working condition for a long time,there is no high and low pressure speed signal which is completely synchronized and accurate with the vibration signal,the non-linear time-varying characteristics of the vibration signal also interferes seriously with the failure diagnosis of intershaft bearing.To solve the above problems,this paper proposes a fault diagnosis method of intershaft bearing without key-phase signal driven by multi-component synchroextracting transform(SET).Firstly,SET is used to eliminate the redundant time-frequency energy in the time-frequency diagram,and the instantaneous rotational frequency of the inner and outer rings of the intershaft bearing is extracted from the same group of vibration signals with low SNR.The original vibration signal is then subjected to minimum entropy deconvolution(MED)and infogram to enhance the weak fault features influenced by the transmission path and environment,MED optimizes the spectral negative entropy results in the infogram while highlighting the fault pulse,and the optimal resonance demodulation band is selected more accurately.Finally,the difference of the extracted rotational frequency results is used as the reference in the rotation speed difference domain for order tracking and envelope analysis.The simulation and experimental analysis results show that the method can effectively extract the fault characteristic order of intershaft bearings without key-phase signal.It can realize the fault diagnosis of intershaft bearings,and has obvious advantages over typical signal processing methods.

关 键 词：中介轴承 变工况 同步提取变换 最小熵解卷积 信息图 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]