超高功率激光-电弧复合焊接飞溅演化行为及抑制方法  

Spatter Evolution Behavior and Suppression Method in Ultra-high Power Laser-arc Hybrid Welding

作　　者：李艳 耿韶宁 蒋平[1] 李元泰 顾思远 王建庄 LI Yan;GENG Shaoning;JIANG Ping;LI Yuantai;GU Siyuan;WANG Jianzhuang(School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Huazhong University of Science&Technology,Wuhan 430074)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2024年第16期98-107,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22A20196,52075201,52188102);武汉市科技重大专项(2022013202025167)资助项目。

摘　　要：超高功率激光-电弧复合焊接为实现厚壁构件的高效焊接提供有效手段,但面临焊接飞溅严重的问题。针对超高功率激光-电弧复合焊接飞溅问题,开展飞溅演化行为及抑制方法研究,阐明电弧热输入对飞溅的影响及抑制机制,并分析不同电弧热输入对焊缝宏观成形及组织性能的影响。结果表明,电弧热输入增加能显著增大匙孔开度,抑制飞溅形成。电弧热输入由139 J/mm提升至479 J/mm,匙孔开口尺寸由56.57 mm^(2)增至243.29 mm^(2),匙孔周围熔融金属与金属蒸汽/等离子体间的摩擦剪切力减小,熔融金属柱高度由15.96 mm降至5.27 mm,且在匙孔前沿熔融金属表面张力及流体静压力作用下,熔融金属柱回落至熔池,焊缝表面飞溅数量减少87%,焊缝成形质量显著提高。并发现电弧热输入增加在提高焊缝熔宽熔深同时,虽会导致微观组织粗化、热影响区宽度增加,但所有试样焊缝均表现出良好拉伸性能。超高功率激光-电弧复合焊接过程中飞溅的有效抑制为该技术在厚板焊接领域的工艺参数调控提供数据及理论支撑。Ultra-high power laser-arc hybrid welding provides an effective method for realizing the efficient welding thick-walled components,however,spatter is a serious problem in this process.Aiming at the spatter problem of ultra-high power laser-arc hybrid welding,the spatter evolution behavior and suppression methods are studied,the influence of arc heat input on the spatter and its suppression mechanism.In addition,the impact of arc heat input on the macroscopic formation,microstructure and mechanical properties also discussed.Results show that the keyhole will be significantly enlarged and the spatter will be remarkably inhibited with the increase of arc heat input.The keyhole opening increases from 56.57 mm^(2) to 243.29 mm^(2) when arc heat input increases from 139 J/mm to 479 J/mm.The frictional shear force between molten metal and metal vapor/plasma around the keyhole decreases,which results in the molten metal column decreasing from 15.96 mm to 5.27 mm.Moreover,the molten metal column will be fell back to the molten pool under the action of surface tension and of molten metal at the front of keyhole and static pressure of fluid.The number of spatter on the weld surface is reduced by 78%and the quality of weld formation is conspicuously improved.It is also found that the increase in arc heat input will enhance the weld width and depth,which results in coarsening of microstructure and increase in the heat affected zone width,but all specimens present good tensile properties.The effective suppression of spatter in ultra-high power laser-arc hybrid welding provides data and theoretical support for the regulation of the process parameters of this technology in the field of thick plate welding.

关 键 词：超高功率激光-电弧复合焊接 飞溅形成 抑制方法 电弧热输入 匙孔开口 

分 类 号：TG156[金属学及工艺—热处理]