腰果酚基不饱和树脂在木材增强改性中的应用  

Application of cardanol-based unsaturated resin in wood enhanced modification

作　　者：向文丽 唐辉[1] 许天乐 张宝印 XIANG Weni;TANG Hui;XU Tiane;ZHANG Baoyin(Faculty of Chemical Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学化学工程学院,云南昆明650000

出　　处：《化工进展》2024年第10期5653-5662,共10页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：校企合作科技基金(kkk0201705038)。

摘　　要：人工林速生木材孔隙率较大,密度低,且具有渗透性,因此可通过化学浸渍将人工合成树脂浸渍到木材的内部,从而提升速生木材的抗吸水性、抗压强度等性能。本文用腰果酚合成不饱和树脂(UPR),并用于浸渍改性杨木、杉木、樟子松3种速生木材,效果最显著的是杉木,其平均密度从0.4g/cm^(3)提高到1.04g/cm^(3),抗压强度从30.1MPa提升到90.4MPa,吸水率由167.3%降至7.9%。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)证实了其化学结构,用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)检测合成树脂各阶段产物的分子量分布,便于预测其结构式。X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析表明,UPR浸渍以材料渗透性由外到内呈递减趋势的横向渗透为主。热重分析(TGA)表明UPR提高了改性木材的热稳定性。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察可以明显看到木材内部孔洞被树脂填充并交联固化,因此3种速生木材的抗吸水性、抗压强度和热稳定性都得到了不同程度的提升。Artificial forest fast-growing wood has a high porosity,low density,and permeability.Therefore,synthetic resin can be impregnated into the interior of the wood through chemical impregnation,thereby improving the water resistance,compressive strength and other properties of fast-growing wood.This study synthesized unsaturated resin(UPR)from cardanol and used it to impregnate and enhance three types of fast-growing wood,namely poplar,fir and camphor pine.The most significant effect was on fir,with an average density increased from 0.4g/cm^(3) to 1.04g/cm^(3),compressive strength increased from 30.1MPa to 90.4MPa and water absorption rate decreased from 167.3%to 7.9%.Its chemical structure was confirmed by FTIR spectrum.The molecular weight distribution of the products in each stage of the synthetic resin was detected by gel permeation chromatography(GPC),which was convenient for predicting its structural formula.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis showed that the UPR impregnation method mainly exhibited a decreasing trend of lateral permeability from the outside to the inside.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)indicated that UPR improved the thermal stability of modified wood.Through scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation,it can be clearly seen that the internal and Engineering Progress,2024,43(10):5653-5662.pores of the wood were filled with resin and crosslinked,resulting in varying degrees of improvement in water resistance,compressive strength and thermal stability of the three types of fast-growing wood.

关 键 词：腰果酚 不饱和树脂 复合材料 聚合 聚合物 木材改性 

分 类 号：TQ31[化学工程—高聚物工业]