Nonstationary channel model of reentry plasma sheath for spacecraft: Overview, parameter estimation, and perspective  

作　　者：Lei SHI Zongyuan LIU Weimin BAO Bo YAO Yifan WANG Xiaoping LI Yanming LIU Fangyan LI 

机构地区：[1]School of Aerospace Science and Technology,Xidian University,Xi’an 710126,China [2]Key Laboratory of Equipment Efficiency in Extreme Environment,Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710126,China [3]China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 100048,China

出　　处：《Chinese Journal of Aeronautics》2024年第10期26-49,共24页中国航空学报（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62371375,62371372,62101406 and 62001340);Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi,China(No.2022TD-37);the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities,China(Nos.XJS221302 and QTZX23060).

摘　　要：The Tracking,Telemetering,and Command(TT&C)communication of spacecraft faces severe limitations during reentry.The Electromagnetic(EM)propagation channel is influenced by changes in the flight state and fluid dynamics.In addition to the high-speed spatial channel,the Plasma Sheath Channel(PSC),which covers the surface of spacecraft,exhibits unique nonstationary and highly dynamic time-varying characteristics.The absence of a channel model for the reentry process of spacecraft negatively impacts the quality evaluation and system design of TT&C communication.This paper summarizes the methods for nonstationary PSC modeling,involving calculation methods for attenuation and phase shift in the channel,as well as a multistate nonstationary channel statistical model based on a hidden Markov process.Furthermore,the correlation between amplitude variation and phase variation with electron density is analyzed.The paper also provides statistical characteristics of the channel and channel parameters at typical frequencies in the S/C/X/Ka bands.These findings serve as a reference for the design and evaluation of TT&C communication systems for reentry spacecraft.Finally,the paper discusses the prospects of various aspects related to the channel characteristics and modeling of spacecraft PSCs in the shortwave and terahertz/laser bands,as well as the potential challenges in cross-domain spacecraft channel sensing and prediction.

关 键 词：SPACECRAFT Plasma sheaths Electromagnetic wave transmission Communication channels Channel estimation 

分 类 号：V419[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] V556