面向科技自立自强的中国科技体制 改革逻辑与实践突破  

Research on the logic and practical breakthrough of China’s S&T system reform toward scientific and technological self-reliance and self-strengthening

作　　者：庄芹芹 王颖[2] 韩龙艳 ZHUANG Qinqin;WANG Ying;HAN Longyan(Institute of Quantitative Economics and Technical Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China;School of Business,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;School of Economics,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京100732 [2]中国社会科学院大学商学院,北京102488 [3]合肥工业大学经济学院,安徽合肥230009

出　　处：《中国软科学》2024年第9期69-79,共11页China Soft Science

基　　金：中国社会科学院重大创新项目“实现高水平科技自立自强的关键”(2023YZD010);国家自然科学基金青年项目“美国贸易政策不确定性对中国制造业企业创新的影响:效应、识别与对策研究”(72204264);中国社会科学院习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心重点项目“科技自立自强视角下强化国家战略科技力量的路径研究”(2023XYZD04);中国社会科学院经济大数据与政策评估实验室(2024SYZH004)。

摘　　要：深化科技体制改革是建设世界科技强国的关键环节。党的十八大以来,我国科技体制改革成效显著。面对实现高水平科技自立自强的新要求,要从宏观战略支撑、中观资源配置和微观激励机制方面,开展科技体制改革攻坚。当前我国创新体系整体效能不高,存在科技资源配置不合理、重大科技项目管理体系与科研规律不符、战略科技力量协同机制不健全等顽疾与挑战。在深入剖析其原因的基础上,提出要以“需求导向”重塑科技治理体系,以“健全新型举国体制”和“强化企业科技创新主体”提升创新体系效能,以“新四抓”推动科技管理职能转变。具体措施包括完善中央科技委员会工作机制、优化重大科技项目管理、统筹科技投入、优化基础研究管理机制、推动战略科技力量体系化协同、强化企业科技创新主体地位等。Deepening the reform of the science and technology system is the key to building a world power in science and technology.Since the 18th CPC National Congress,the reform of China’s science and technology system has achieved remarkable results.In the face of the new requirements of realizing a high level of scientific and technological self-reliance and self-improvement,it is necessary to carry out reform of the scientific and technological system in terms of macro-strategic support,meso-resource allocation and micro-incentive mechanism.At present,the overall effectiveness of China’s innovation system is not high,there are irrational allocation of scientific and technological resources,major scientific and technological project management system is inconsistent with the law of scientific research,strategic scientific and technological forces,such as the mechanism of synergy is not sound and other persistent problems and challenges.On the basis of in-depth analysis of the reasons,it is proposed to reshape the science and technology governance system with“demand orientation”,to improve the new national system and to strengthen the main body of enterprise science and technology innovation to enhance the effectiveness of the innovation system,and to enhance the efficiency of the innovation system with“demand orientation”.We should reshape the S&T governance system with“demand orientation”,improve the effectiveness of the innovation system with“perfecting a new type of national system”and“strengthening the main body of enterprises in S&T innovation”,and promote the transformation of the S&T management function with the“four new grasps”.Specific measures include improving the working mechanism of the Central Science and Technology Commission,optimizing the management of major science and technology projects,coordinating scientific and technological inputs,optimizing the management mechanism of basic research,promoting the systematic synergy of strategic scientific and technological forces,and

关 键 词：科技体制改革 国家创新体系 新型举国体制 科技自立自强 

分 类 号：F204[经济管理—国民经济]