地铁开通与城市雾霾污染: 来自上海栅格数据的证据  

Metro and haze pollution:Evidence from Shanghai’s raster data

作　　者：邵帅 李嘉豪 杨莉莉 SHAO Shuai;LI Jiahao;YANG Lili(East China University Science and Technology School of Business,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance School of International Economics and Trade,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学商学院,上海200237 [2]上海立信会计金融学院国际经贸学院,上海201209

出　　处：《中国软科学》2024年第9期100-112,共13页China Soft Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72243004,72103125)。

摘　　要：以地铁为代表的公共交通基础设施建设对城市空气质量具有深远的影响。在地铁开通对城市空气污染的潜在影响进行机理阐释的基础上,采用2000—2020年上海栅格层面的面板数据样本和双重差分方法,实证考察了地铁开通对城市雾霾污染的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,地铁开通存在显著的减霾效应,这一结论在通过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。异质性分析表明,中转站点的开通会产生更强的减霾效应,在已有线路上扩建站点所产生的减霾效应相对较弱,同时地铁开通的减霾效应在雾霾污染水平越高、人口密度越大的栅格样本,以及处于非中心城区的样本中表现得更为明显。机制分析结果显示:地铁开通会更为显著地增加地铁站点周边,特别是位于非中心城区站点周边的人口密度,从而通过交通替代(人口分流)效应而减少雾霾污染;地铁开通还会在更大程度上提升站点周边区域商住用地的成交价格、降低工业用地的出让规模,从而吸引服务业企业进入、挤出制造业企业,促使站点周边地区的产业结构向清洁化与集约化发展,进而有利于缓解雾霾污染。The construction of public transportation infrastructure represented by the metro has a profound impact on haze pollution.Based on the mechanism explanation of the potential impacts of metro opening on haze pollution,this paper empirically examines the impact of the metro opening on haze pollution and its mechanism by using geographic raster data in Shanghai from 2000 to 2020 and the difference-in-differences model.The results show that the metro opening has a significant emission reduction effect.This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness checks.Heterogeneity analyses show that the opening of metro stations produces a stronger abatement effect on haze pollution,and the abatement effect of expanding stations on existing lines is relatively weaker,while the reduction effect of metro opening on haze pollution is more obvious in the raster samples with higher levels of haze pollution,higher population densities,and samples located in non-central urban areas.Further mechanism identification results show that the metro opening significantly increases the population density near the metro stations,especially near the stations located in the non-central urban area.This indicates that the metro opening reduces the level of haze pollution in the surrounding areas through the transportation substitution effect.The metro opening not only enhances commercial and residential land prices around the station,but also reduces the size of industrial land concessions,thereby promoting the entry of service enterprises and squeezing out manufacturing enterprises.This indicates that the metro opening makes industrial cleaner and more intensive around the station,which reduces haze pollution.

关 键 词：地铁 雾霾污染 栅格数据 双重差分模型 上海 

分 类 号：F572[经济管理—产业经济]