Myocarditis–A silent killer in athletes:Comparative analysis on the evidence before and after COVID-19 pandemic  

作　　者：Jonathan Van Name Kainuo Wu Lei Xi 

机构地区：[1]Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine(M.D.Class 2024),Richmond,VA,23298,USA [2]Pauley Heart Center,Division of Cardiology,Department of Internal Medicine,Virginia Commonwealth University,Richmond,VA,23298-0204,USA

出　　处：《Sports Medicine and Health Science》2024年第3期232-239,共8页运动医学与健康科学（英文）

摘　　要：Myocarditis is a rare cardiomyocyte inflammatory process,typically caused by viruses,with potentially devastating cardiac sequalae in both competitive athletes and in the general population.Investigation into myocarditis prevalence in the Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)era suggests that infection with Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)is an independent risk factor for myocarditis,which is confirmed mainly through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.Recent studies indicated that athletes have a decreased risk of myocarditis after recent COVID-19 infection compared to the general population.However,given the unique nature of competitive athletics with their frequent participation in high-intensity exercise,athletes possess distinct factors of susceptibility for the development of myocarditis and its subsequent severe cardiac complications(e.g.,sudden cardiac death,fulminant heart failure,etc.).Under this context,this review focuses on comparing myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes,owing special attention to the distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis caused by different viral pathogens such as cytomegalovirus,Epstein-Barr virus,human herpesvirus-6,human immunodeficiency virus,and Parvovirus B19,both before and after the COVID-19 pandemic,as compared with SARS-CoV-2.By illustrating distinct clinical presentations and outcomes of myocarditis in athletes versus non-athletes,we also highlight the critical importance of early detection,vigilant monitoring,and effective management of viral and non-viral myocarditis in athletes and the necessity for further optimization of the return-to-play guidelines for athletes in the COVID-19 era,in order to minimize the risks for the rare but devastating cardiac fatality.

关 键 词：COVID-19 MYOCARDITIS Cardiovascular symptomatology Athlete susceptibility Return-to-play Sudden cardiac death Viral pathogens High-intensity exercise 

分 类 号：R542.21[医药卫生—心血管疾病]